Vietnam customs

The Socialist Republic of Vietnam (English: Socialist Republic of Vietnam, Vietnam: C ng ha Xã h i Ch ngha Vi t Nam), referred to as Vietnam, is a socialist country in Asia. In ancient times, northern Vietnam belonged to the land of Luo Yue in Baiyue (also known as Luo Yue, which was the ancestor of the Jing nationality, the main ethnic group of Vietnam). The name of Vietnam has changed several times in history, and it was first called "Jiaozhi." It is said that the two toes of the ancient Vietnam met, so they were called "Jiaozhi" by the China. In 111 BC, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty pacified the State of Nanyue, which means that Kaozhi Prefecture was established in modern northern Vietnam. During the Tang Dynasty, the Annam Protectorate was established, so Vietnam was also called "Annam."

Hanoi is the capital of Vietnam, a famous historical city, and a municipality directly under the Central Government, with an area of 921 square kilometers and a population of 2.67 million. It is located in the northwest of the Red River Delta. It is the political and cultural center of Vietnam, with convenient water, land and air transportation. The city is located in the subtropical zone, close to the ocean, and has a pleasant climate. The seasons are like spring. There is abundant rainfall, lush flowers and trees, and flowers are in full bloom. It is known as the "Hundred Flowers Spring City". Hanoi has many scenic spots and historic sites, such as Hoan Kiem Lake located in the center of the city, Ba Dinh Square where President Ho Chi Minh once read the Declaration of Independence, and the Confucian Temple, which witnessed cultural exchanges between China and Vietnam.

Location Ho Chi Minh City was formerly known as Chai Kon and Saigon. It is one of the five central municipalities, the economic center of Vietnam, and the largest port and transportation hub in the country. It covers an area of 2095 square kilometers and has a population of 6.2 million. It is located on the northeast side of the Mekong River Delta and bordering the South China Sea in the south. It is 80 kilometers southeast of Haikou. Saigon Port has an annual throughput of 4.5 - 5.5 million tons. Railways can lead to Hanoi and other large and medium cities, roads can lead to all parts of the country, and roads or waterways can lead to Cambodia and Laos.

Vietnam is a multilingual and multi-ethnic country, with 54 officially recognized and announced ethnic groups. According to the census results conducted in 2009 announced by the General Administration of Statistics of Vietnam (T ng C c Th ng Kê 2010), the total population of the country is approximately 85.84 million. Among them, the main ethnic group, the Kinh, accounted for 85.7%, and the remaining 53 ethnic minorities accounted for 14.3%. The Jing people are Vietnam in the narrow sense, and their mother tongue is Vietnam (called Ti ng Vi t in Vietnam). Most ethnic minority groups in western Vietnam are collectively referred to as "mountain people." From the perspective of language classification, the number of ethnic groups in Vietnam is far more than 54 ethnic groups.

According to Ethnologue (Lewis 2009:537), if sign language is not included, there are 105 languages in Vietnam. The 54 ethnic groups identified by the Vietnam government belong to the following five language families: Austro-Asiatic, Daic, HMong-Mien, Miao-Yao, Austro-Tibetan, and Sino-Tibetan. Vietnam, which belongs to the South Asian language family, has been adopted as the national official language for use in the education system and mass media. About 90% of the ethnic minority population can speak Vietnam to varying degrees.

Each ethnic group in Vietnam has its own language, lifestyle and cultural heritage. Among them, the Vietnamese people (also known as the Kinh people) are the main ethnic group in Vietnam and are distributed throughout the country. In addition, they have a long history and a high level of culture. Their customs and habits have a great influence on other ethnic minorities and are representative to a certain extent.

In Vietnam, villages are easily recognizable, with villages in the north generally surrounded by dense jungle, while villages in the south hidden in the jungle. Bamboo groves, coconut groves, betel nut trees, ponds and village temples have become the characteristics of the Vietnamese villages in the plains. Rural residential houses are generally earthen houses or bamboo houses, and farmers who are more endowed also build houses with brick and tile structures. The layout of the house is generally a row of three rooms, with the middle room for dining room, living room, and activities; the two sides are wing rooms for bedrooms. In addition, there are also kitchen, warehouse and other side rooms and other auxiliary facilities. Bamboo and cactus grow around the farmyard, betel nut trees are planted in front and rear of the house, and vegetables are planted in the yard, which is quite interesting. Most of the Thai, Daiyi, and Nong people live in tall houses with bamboo and wood structures, with people living upstairs and downstairs used to raise livestock, or to pound rice and place furniture.

Most Yue men and women in rural areas wear brown, black or white narrow-sleeve collarless double-placket and black and white wide-leg trousers. When working, men like to wear canvas hard-shell Annan military hats, and women wear conical hats made of sunflower leaves and bamboo poles on their heads, and are barefoot. In ordinary times, urban residents often wear wooden or plastic slippers, while rural people like to wear plastic sandals. On formal occasions, Yue men generally wear suits, while women like to wear various colors of fried show robes and black and white wide-leg trousers.

In Vietnam, several ethnic minorities with a large number of people, such as the Taiyi, Thai, Nung, and Mung, have similar men's costumes to those of the Vietnamese. Women retain tight short jackets with double rows of silver butterfly buttons on the upper body and wear tight tube skirts that reach the top of the feet. The traditional costumes of Miao women include bamboo hat folded skirts, a blouse with a slit at the front with a short chest, an apron, a belt, and leggings. However, the costumes of each branch have their own characteristics. White seedlings, green seedlings, and red seedlings can be seen from the costumes at a glance.

The names of each branch of the Yao nationality are named after the women's dress characteristics: Hongyao women wear red turbans and a red flower pattern on their chests; Qianyao women have several copper coins nailed behind their collars; Jiao 'ang Yao is named because women have to wear headscarves decorated with good horn-shaped wood when they marry; Qingyi Yao women wear blue clothes; Baikuyao is named after girls wear white trousers when they marry.

The main food of

is rice. Generally speaking, Vietnam people like to eat japonica rice and also eat miscellaneous grains such as corn, cassava, and potatoes. They make good use of rice flour to make pies, pancakes and vermicelli. Fish is also the main food of Vietnam, and there are many practices. However, what the transporters like most is "fish sauce" made from fresh fish. Therefore, in Vietnam, there is a saying that "watching fish sauce leads to rice." Water spinach is the favorite vegetable of Vietnam. Other vegetables include cabbage, cucumber, pumpkin, bamboo shoots, etc. The most popular delicacies among Vietnam are boiled silkworm chrysalis and small crab soup and raw bacon wrapped in banana leaves.

Vietnam people like to eat raw, cold, sour and spicy food very much. When eating, place plates of soup on a triangular copper plate, and then place the copper plate on a large bed. The family sit around and eat. Vietnam people like to drink tea and often drink tea while eating. Tea is the most commonly used beverage in Vietnam. Like many countries in Southeast Asia, Vietnam also have the custom of chewing betel nut.

Marriage of Vietnamese people generally follows the orders of their parents and the words of matchmakers. Intermarriage within the family is prohibited, and marriages with the same surname are avoided as much as possible. Traditional weddings generally include four steps: first step, if the man values a girl, he must first send the woman with red sauce and rice wine, which is called asking the name; second step, if the woman accepts the gift, she agrees and is matchmaker. The engagement ceremony is held, which is called the second step; In the third step, the man gave the woman a round box wrapped in red silk to symbolize happiness. He also gave him cloth, jewelry box, two red candles, two bottles of wine, and a fat pig. The matchmaker signed the marriage contract in front of all relatives and friends, and placed it before the man's grandparents. After that, the man will also send a betrothal gift to the woman's family, of which betel nut is the most important token, symbolizing unity and harmony. In addition, there is a pair of big white geese tied with red lines, which indicates that they will grow old together; holding a wedding is the fourth step. An auspicious day must be selected based on the birth dates of both men and women, and both sides hold a banquet to celebrate.

The marriage custom of the Thai people is that the man marries into his wife's family, and the wedding can not be held until 8 to 11 years later. The process is long and complex. The most sad thing is that if the husband dies, the wife can only marry the husband's brother. If the husband has no brother or the brother is married, the wife can only remain a widow for the rest of her life and hate it for the rest of her life. The Miao people still have the ancient custom of bride grabbing. The custom of adopting "child brides" is also popular among some ethnic groups in the central region.

in daily life, and Vietnam people are also very attentive to etiquette. They have to say hello or nod their heads when they meet. Elders are called eldest father, aunt, uncle, uncle, and aunt; seniors are called older brother and sister; children are called younger brother and sister; state agency staff call each other comrades. Vietnam people are also very enthusiastic about hospitality. Whenever they visit their homes, they always bring out the best wine and food to entertain their guests. The more guests eat, the happier the host becomes. When the guests bid farewell, the host will also present local specialties to the guests.

However, the Miao and Yao people usually salute each other when meeting. The Khmer people practice the cross ceremony because of their belief in Buddhism. The Jing people do not like others to pat their backs with their hands or shout with their fingers. They also avoid picking their noses and ears, and are unwilling to be patted on the shoulder. The most taboo is to shout at people with your fingers, not to point at objects with your feet, not to point your feet at people when sitting on the ground, let alone step over a person who is sitting and lying, and not to sleep at the door of a woman's door or in the passing aisle., you are not allowed to enter the owner's inner room.

Most other ethnic minorities in Vietnam also have their own taboos, and the ones that have in common are: they are not allowed to enter tombs and ghost forests; they are not allowed to gather firewood in ghost forests; and they are not allowed to touch dragon trees. Sacrifice at the village gate, the roadside beside the village, the altar and fire pond in the house, and tripods; you cannot take green leaves home or touch other people's heads; you cannot sit on the middle pillar or nail nails on the middle pillar and the door; You cannot go to the girl's room at will, etc.

Due to the influence of China traditions and culture,

is similar to that of my country. Folk traditional festivals mainly include Spring Festival, Qingming Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival, Pangu Festival and Kitchen King Festival. The Spring Festival is the biggest folk festival in Vietnam. The first day of the first month of the summer calendar is the Spring Festival.

According to traditional customs in Vietnam, starting from the "Kitchen King Delivery Festival" on the 23rd of the twelfth lunar month, even if the Spring Festival is entering, the hostess of each family will rush to make new clothes, prepare for the New Year's goods for days, and clean the house. On New Year's Eve, the whole family had a reunion dinner and set off firecrackers. During the Spring Festival, glutinous rice dumplings wrapped in reed leaves are mainly eaten. The Qingming Festival of Vietnam mainly pays homage to ancestors and cleans tombs; the Dragon Boat Festival is the fifth day of the fifth month of the summer calendar, and the main content is eating rice dumplings; the Mid-Autumn Festival is the 15th day of the eighth month of the summer calendar, and the main content is eating mooncakes. The Mid-Autumn Festival is mainly for children's activities, so the Mid-Autumn Festival is also called Children's Day.