Several difficulties in grassroots intangible cultural heritage protection

In July 2009, as a school summer social practice survey project, we organized a group to conduct a survey on the protection of grassroots intangible cultural heritage-taking Jiyuan City and Qinyang City in Henan Province as examples.

As a major cultural province, Henan is rich in intangible cultural heritage.

In this survey, we mainly learned about the protection status of cultural heritage such as Wangwushan Mythology Group, Shaoyuan Mythology Group in Jiyuan City and Huaitied Opera in Qinyang City.

It was found that the protection of "intangible cultural heritage" at the grassroots level was in many difficulties and was worrying.

First, intangible cultural heritage has gradually become divorced from ordinary people, lacks a market, and is in a state of shrinking.

For example, Huaibang Opera is a local opera in Jiyuan City and Jiaozuo City, Henan Province, and is the first batch of intangible cultural heritage in the country.

Huaibang originated in Qinyang City, Henan Province.

It is commonly known as Huaiqing Bangzi, Lao Huaibang, Xiaobangban) opera and Huaidiao.

Its predecessor was a sea god opera that evolved from singing and praying for rain around tables.

It was formed during the Hongwu and Yongle periods of the Ming Dynasty.

The late Qing Dynasty and the early Ming Dynasty were the golden period for the development of Huaibang.

It was widely popular in northwest Henan, southern Shanxi, and southern Hebei.

At that time, Li Yincheng was a famous danjiao at that time, which led to such a saying in the local area: "Take off your pants and make clothes, you must read Yincheng's Anti-Western Tang Dynasty.

When you carry garlic and sell ginger, you must watch Lao Huaibang." Among them,"Anti-Western Tang" is a representative play of Huaibang.

In addition, Huaibang has more than 300 traditional plays such as "Ancient Sophora Case","Old and Young Change","Red Pearl Nv","Peach Blossom Temple", and "Yuanmen Zhanzi".

After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Jiyuan and Jiaozuo cities had almost "actors in every family and troupes in every village." From 1953 to 1956, there were more than 500 troupes in the two cities, but today there are less than 50 troupes.

Most of them are amateur troupes, and only one professional troupes is the Huaibang Troupe in Qinyang City.

Guo Quanren, the inheritor of Huaibang Opera, and former head of the Huaibang Opera Troupe in Qinyang City, said: "Huaibang Opera has less and less market and can only survive in rural areas, but the rural economy cannot support the development of Huaibang.

Many young people have not even heard of the 'Huaibang' drama, let alone understand it."

During the investigation, we found that in order to win the market, the professional Huaibang Troupe in Qinyang City is getting closer to Henan Opera in terms of singing and dialogue, and the characteristics of Huaibang Opera itself are gradually disappearing.

Guo Quanren said helplessly: "Since Henan Opera is a powerful opera type in Henan Province, actors will be unconsciously influenced by Henan Opera."

Second, there are fewer and fewer inheritors of intangible cultural heritage.

Guo Quanren, the inheritor of Huaibang Opera, said: "Young people are not interested in the opera.

Coupled with the lack of funds, there are almost no young people engaged in Huaibang Opera, which is very unfavorable to the development and inheritance of the opera."

In Wangwu Town and Shaoyuan Town in Jiyuan, Henan Province, many local people do not know much about local mythologies, mainly Wangwushan Mythology Group and Shaoyuan Mythology Group.

The person in charge of Shaoyuan Town Cultural Station told us that it is difficult to find a suitable inheritor now.

As one of the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage selected, the Shaoyuan Myth Group was born in Wangwu Mountain District, including some myths such as the legend of Nuwa mending the sky.

The inheritance of myths is passed down from generation to generation.

The mountains and water of Wangwu Mountain are the protagonists of the myth.

However, with the acceleration of urbanization, the population in rural areas is getting smaller and smaller, and the mountains, rivers and water of Wangwu Mountain cannot be seen.

The myth has lost its meaning of existence, and those protagonists have become vague imaginations, and few people listen to these stories that are spread in the mountains.

The person in charge of the Shaoyuan Town Cultural Station asked: "At present, the inheritance of myths mainly depends on the elderly, but as the elderly slowly leave, who will it be passed on?"

Third, there is insufficient manpower and financial resources engaged in "intangible cultural heritage protection".

During our investigation, we happened to encounter the census of intangible cultural heritage in Jiyuan City.

At the Jiyuan City Intangible Cultural Heritage Protection Office, Director Li Ruifang said: "I am the only person in the entire office.

I am both a director and an assistant.

The task is heavy and I can't handle it." During our visits to Shaoyuan Town and Wangwu Town in Jiyuan City, we also found that there are almost no people specializing in "intangible cultural heritage" protection.

They are all part-time, and the people doing intangible cultural heritage surveys are also temporarily drawn from other departments.

Although the local area has conducted several surveys of intangible cultural heritage, it does not understand the specific information of "intangible cultural heritage".

People engaged in grassroots "intangible cultural heritage" protection are repeating the same voice: the funds for "intangible cultural heritage" protection are very limited, and there is no way to provide money to promote intangible cultural heritage.

Insufficient manpower and tight financial resources are another dilemma facing almost all "intangible cultural heritage" protection.

According to our understanding, the wages of actors in the Huaijia Troupe are very low.

Even the head of the troupe, the monthly salary is only 500 yuan.

This has greatly affected the enthusiasm of ordinary actors and caused some outstanding actors to move to other industries.

Fourth, there are misunderstandings in the concept of protection and lack of coordination among regional divisions, which affects the overall protection effect.

Many local people, even those engaged in the protection of intangible cultural heritage, do not realize the cultural value of intangible cultural heritage.

A large number of local people even believe that these intangible cultures are synonymous with backwardness, isolation, and ignorance, so that urban residents are unwilling to contact these intangible cultural heritage.

This is also the reason why intangible cultural heritage is mainly spread in rural areas and there is no market in cities.

In addition, the protection of intangible cultural heritage in Henan Province generally divides the scope of responsibility according to the region where the project is located.

In fact, many projects are often cross-regional.

Projects of the same type of content are valued and protected in this place, but they are not given the attention and protection they deserve in other places.

This situation of a project with different destiny due to different administrative divisions seriously affects the overall protection of related projects.

effect.

For example, Huaibang Opera is a local opera shared by Jiyuan and Jiaozuo.

However, the two cities basically carry out their own protection and there is little unified coordination, which also makes the protection effect unsatisfactory.