[Wang Xianzhao] Cultivate talents for intangible cultural heritage research in a targeted manner

Intangible cultural heritage research talents are compound talents and play a very important role in the protection of intangible cultural heritage.

my country has made many useful attempts in building a team of intangible cultural heritage research talents, but there are also some obvious shortcomings.

How to cultivate intangible cultural heritage research talents in a targeted manner is indeed a question worth pondering.

Respect the laws of talents and establish a scientific training and management system

Consider social needs and establish a scientific evaluation mechanism.

Social needs are the catalyst for promoting the growth of talents, and the ultimate goal of cultivating talents is to serve society.

Only when the research activities and growth process of intangible cultural heritage professionals are closely integrated with the needs of society can they have existence value and strong vitality.

Therefore, those teaching and scientific research entities related to intangible cultural heritage protection should first consider social demand orientation when cultivating intangible cultural heritage professionals, and can apply the evaluation mechanism to the use and training process of intangible cultural heritage talents.

The evaluation goals should highlight the "extensive" and "extensive" knowledge of intangible cultural heritage research talents, and the "specialization" and "refinement" of professional theories.

Explore the laws of talent growth and establish a smooth talent cultivation system.

According to the characteristics of talent growth, multiple channels and models should be adopted to cultivate multiple types and multi-level talents with intangible cultural inheritance, protection, development, management, and research capabilities.

When building a talent cultivation system, attention should be paid to the interaction and horizontal integration of competent departments at all levels and education and research institutions.

For example, the Intangible Cultural Heritage Research Center of the Central Academy of Fine Arts has clearly proposed a four-in-one operating mechanism of "learning, industry, people, and officials", integrating professional scientific research with talent cultivation, social benefit creation, interaction between intangible cultural heritage inheritors and promoting the government to strengthen the construction of intangible cultural heritage protection mechanisms.

By communicating with government departments, establishing folk art research institutions, On-site inspections of local folk art and other methods have cultivated students 'research capabilities and practical application capabilities in the chain of teaching and practice, and achieved good results.

Expand the horizons of research talents and establish a good exchange and incentive mechanism.

The limitations of a single research institution's own research fields and research methods should be broken down, and talent exchange mechanisms between schools and institutions at home and abroad should be established.

At the same time, according to their research and personal development needs, they must provide various academic guarantees, unblock academic and field communication channels, and adopt various incentive measures to promote the use of results.

Standardize discipline construction and realize the specialization and professionalization of talents

Scientific planning and standardize the development of disciplines.

Discipline construction is the basis for cultivating high-quality talents and conducting high-level scientific research.

It is also the foundation for universities and scientific research institutions to reflect their own value.

These colleges and institutions should continue to consolidate or actively develop disciplines on intangible cultural heritage protection and application, provide relevant results and application information to the country, and actively assist and support governments at all levels and cultural departments in formulating cultural policies and operating models suitable for national conditions.

In terms of discipline practice, traditional disciplines should be transformed on the basis of careful research and scientific demonstration, break the academy-style teaching or research model, and encourage the introduction of knowledge and theories from cross-disciplines, marginal disciplines and emerging disciplines.

Strengthen characteristics and highlight disciplinary advantages.

Judging from the current utilization and cultivation of intangible cultural heritage talent resources, it is impossible for a single education or scientific research department to attempt to cover all the contents of intangible cultural heritage.

Educational and scientific research institutions must give full play to their own advantages, establish key research directions, and form individuality and advantages in utilizing and cultivating talents.

For example, the Oral Tradition Research Center of the Institute of Ethnic Literature of China Academy of Social Sciences focuses on folk oral arts such as ballads, epics, legends, and stories that are widely spread among ethnic minorities; the School of Liberal Arts of Beijing Normal University has continuously pushed the research of folklore into depth through years of talent training and teaching accumulation, etc.

Strengthening characteristics will help promote the healthy development of "specialized" and "knowledgeable" research talents.

Stabilize majors and cultivate academic echelons.

Intangible cultural heritage protection is a long-term and complex task.

Whether it is data integration or theoretical development, it requires long-term accumulation.

It requires both the intervention and transmission, help and guidance of experts, as well as the continuous training of successor talents.

Cultivating a reasonably structured talent echelon is the top priority to ensure the sustainable development of intangible cultural heritage research.

On the basis of extensive investigation and demonstration, and based on long-term needs, we should comprehensively review the social needs of all types of talents, determine a relatively reasonable age level and professional structure ratio, and provide information guidance and policy support for the construction of a team of intangible cultural heritage research talents in a department, region and even the country.

Popularize the basics and strive to avoid the "post-college" phenomenon.

Talent training has a certain cycle, and purposefully strengthening national cultural awareness in basic education is conducive to improving the quality of professional students.

For example, in primary and secondary education across the country, local cultural textbooks related to intangible cultural heritage are developed; the study and appreciation of local cultural knowledge are carried out in ethnic minority areas, etc.

At the same time, efforts should be made to avoid the "post-college" phenomenon.

Since many university education in China has not really escaped the shackles of examination-oriented education, after graduating from college, students have to spend a lot of time and energy to re-study and train because the knowledge they have learned is out of touch with society.

This requires the training department to pay special attention to the practical characteristics of intangible cultural heritage subjects in teaching and combine the knowledge that should be stored in professional research with the actual needs of intangible cultural heritage.

Strengthen exchanges and collaboration to promote the overall development of the team

Judging from the current situation of cultivating intangible cultural heritage research talents in my country, it is unrealistic to quickly create a team of research talents that is fully compatible with the needs of society in a short period of time.

We must break down disciplinary barriers and narrow and superficial views, and strengthen exchanges and dialogue.

Only then can we truly realize the development of the research talent team.

Integration of intangible cultural heritage professional talent resources in multiple departments and regions.

Intangible cultural heritage research talents should emphasize complex types individually, but on the whole, they should open up the divide between traditional disciplines and strive to achieve multi-disciplinary intersection.

The most direct benefit brought by this integration is to maximize the knowledge needs of professional researchers and solve the problems encountered by researchers in practical research through resource sharing among multiple departments and regions.

For example, from November 2006 to May 2008, the China Intangible Cultural Heritage Research Center of Sun Yat-sen University, which is the key research base for humanities and social sciences of the Ministry of Education, was established at Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yunnan Museum for Nationalities, Southwest Nuo Culture Research Institute of Guizhou University for Nationalities and Inner Mongolia Normal University to carry out all-round cooperation in scientific research, talent training, discipline construction and other aspects.

This cooperation is conducive to further strengthening discipline construction among different departments and regions and optimizing the talent training structure.

Integration of intangible cultural heritage research and training departments 'own talent resources.

Compared with cross-regional and cross-departmental research cooperation, this cooperation is characterized by short, rapid and simple.

For example, the "Zhejiang Province Intangible Cultural Heritage Research Base" established by Zhejiang Normal University in 2006 has integrated researchers from humanities, art, music and other disciplines in view of the wide coverage of intangible cultural heritage disciplines, forming a research group of 23 people.

It also incorporates the provincial "five batches" of engineering talents, young and middle-aged subject leaders in provincial universities and other disciplinary forces, laying the foundation for further highlighting research characteristics.

Cooperation between high-level intangible cultural heritage research talents and local talents.

Intangible cultural heritage protection and research are generally regional in nature.

In the past, there were usually two phenomena: First, although some well-known experts and scholars in intangible cultural heritage research had their own unique theoretical insights, they had no necessary accumulation of cultural practice of intangible cultural heritage resources in some areas, especially relatively backward.

Second, although some grassroots intangible cultural heritage researchers have long insisted on field research and have cultural emotions and data reserves that others cannot replace, they often lack the height in theoretical analysis and promotion, and even do not have the ability to disseminate local resources.

This requires the two to learn from each other's strengths.

For example, on the basis of actively leveraging the advantages of its department's research talents, China Academy of Art has hired the first batch of 30 ethnic and folk artists as folk art creation researchers in the institute, combining high-level scientific research strength with folk grassroots creation traditions.

From a practical perspective, this long-term exchange and cooperation between high-level academic talents and local intangible cultural heritage talents will have a positive impact on the promotion of academic achievements and the improvement of academic taste.

The author is an associate researcher at the Institute of Ethnic Literature, China Academy of Social Sciences)