[Wang Yan] Inheritance of traditional handicrafts after "Intangible Cultural Heritage"

Abstract: The advancement of the protection of intangible cultural heritage has profoundly affected the inheritance and development of many handicrafts in my country.

Among the various stakeholders involved, the role and role of local governments are particularly significant.

Taking Sandu Shui people horsetail embroidery as an example, after it became a national-level intangible cultural heritage project, a guarantee agency was established under the leadership of the local government, relevant policies were implemented, and horsetail embroidery training courses were held to enhance the status and influence of outstanding artists, expanding the social awareness and demand of horsetail embroidery, demonstrating the important promoting role of local governments.

"Intangible cultural heritage" has created a new situation for the inheritance of traditional handicrafts, and the channels for inheritance of skills, product content, formal functions, etc.

have all changed.

This aspect expands the living space of skills, and also weakens the historical and cultural value contained in horsetail embroidery.

But we should not exaggerate the negative significance of this weakening, but should regard it as a positive state of inheritance.

Keywords: Intangible cultural heritage; traditional handicrafts; horsetail embroidery; Shui nationality Chinese map classification number: F768.7 Document identification code: A Article number: 1674-9391 (2012) 02-0017-06

Since entering the 21st century, mankind has shown more reflection and awareness of cultural heritage.

In November 2003, UNESCO adopted the Convention for the Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritage."People's eyes have shifted from material, tangible, and static heritage to intangible, intangible, dynamic, and memory heritage, showing that contemporary people's understanding of historical civilization as a whole has taken a huge step forward"[1].

As a major country in cultural heritage, my country officially acceded to this Convention in August 2004, and promulgated the "Opinions on Strengthening the Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritage in my Country" in March 2005, establishing a national protection policy for cultural heritage protection from a national perspective.

The "Intangible Cultural Heritage Law of the People's Republic of China" officially came into effect on June 1, 2011, providing guarantees for the effective implementation of the protection of intangible cultural heritage (hereinafter referred to as "intangible cultural heritage") in the form of law.

With the census and application of "intangible cultural heritage" projects, corresponding institutions have been established in various places, allocating manpower and material resources to specialize in "intangible cultural heritage" protection.

Every year,"Cultural Heritage Day", exhibitions, displays, and performances are held in various places.

There is an endless stream of activities, and various large-scale festivals around the theme of "intangible cultural heritage" come one after another.① A trend of "national intangible cultural heritage" has been formed in the field of cultural heritage, and the biggest driving force for this trend is governments at all levels.

Our country's government's dominant position in the protection of "intangible cultural heritage" is given by the initially established working principles of "government-led, social participation, clear responsibilities, and formation of synergy" ②.

Under this working principle, the government has fully participated in all aspects of "intangible cultural heritage" protection and directly built my country's "intangible cultural heritage" protection system.

Various types of "intangible cultural heritage" have been included in this system, and the context of their inheritance and development has also undergone tremendous changes.

As an important part of "intangible cultural heritage", handicrafts have naturally entered this process, beginning the inheritance and development path of "intangible cultural heritage".

This paper takes the entry of Shui people's horsetail embroidery technology into the national "intangible cultural heritage" list as a time point to examine the development status of this technology under the government-led protection work system, and attempts to explore the survival and development of traditional handicrafts in the context of "intangible cultural heritage" protection.

1.

Horse tail embroidery before the "intangible cultural heritage" and the traditional life of the Shui people

Horse tail embroidery of the Shui people is called a "living fossil in embroidery" because of its long history and simple stitches.

It is mainly spread in Sandong, Zhonghe, Shuilong, Tingpai, Hengfeng, Tangzhou, Yang 'an and other places in Sandu Shui Autonomous County, Qiannan Prefecture, Guizhou Province [2].

The unique materials and craftsmanship of horsetail embroidery make its works full and clear, presenting a unique embossed texture.

The luxurious and steady color matching, smooth and atmospheric lines, and full and mysterious patterns impact people's visual senses, showing unique charm.

In the areas where it spreads, horsetail embroidery is the main decoration in people's costumes and various daily necessities, including the chest embroidery piece (also known as the breast badge) on women's waists, embroidered shoes, embroidered backpacks, children's hats, straps, pillows, quilt covers, etc.

People believe that decorating various auspicious patterns with horsetail embroidery on clothes can "bless everything when going out to rush to the market, visiting relatives, and doing work, and be afraid of dark.

Even if the clothes with these patterns are placed aside, as long as you can see them, you can protect yourself." The horsetail embroidery decorated on the straps "can protect the child when you put the child aside or on your back when you go out.

They are not afraid of insects, safe, smart, not sick, and not timid." When the child grows up,"Leaving the straps at home can also continue to bless your children, and you can also pass them on to your grandchildren." The flowered shoes embroidered with ponytail will "bless the person who walks fast, does not have pain in his feet, and is in good health.

Wear them to work, bless them smoothly, and have good harvests."③

Rivers and streams are intertwined in the inhabited areas of the Shui people, mixed with a number of undulating hills, flat dams, river valleys and ridges.

Most people live near mountains and rivers and live in a relatively closed environment for a long time.

Their production and daily necessities are mainly self-sufficiency.

Sewing clothes and embroidery was once a compulsory course for women, and horsetail embroidery was a basic skill that women must master before getting married.

The quality of its craftsmanship is an important criterion for local evaluation of women.

Under this environment and understanding, generations of Shui women have watched their elders embroider and sew since childhood, and naturally learned all aspects of the craft and remembered the patterns and colors passed down through the past dynasties.

Girls with ingenuity and ingenuity can independently complete complex and exquisite horsetail embroidery straps when they are teenagers.

Their works are straightforward and full of vitality, showing a strong local color, and reflecting the cultural heritage inherited from generation to generation.

However, in the late 1980s, with the import of foreign cultural ideas and values, people's value orientation gradually changed, and a large number of young people went out to work.

"In the process of transformation from traditional society to modern society, not only have commodities been greatly enriched and changed people's lifestyles, but people's ideological concepts are also changing.

The material and cultural foundation on which traditional crafts depend have been greatly shaken."[3], homemade national costumes are gradually being replaced by ready-made garments that are easy to purchase and cheap.

Women no longer regard learning horsetail embroidery as inevitable.

Like many ancient crafts, the demand for horsetail embroidery has decreased.

The originally limited local market has further shrunk.

With the death of old artists, there has been a gap in production skills, and the natural inheritance of horsetail embroidery has declined seriously.

2.

Government intervention after "intangible cultural heritage"

In May 2006, the State Council announced the first batch of national-level "intangible cultural heritage" lists, among which the aquatic horsetail embroidery declared by Sandu was listed.

Since then, the concept of "intangible cultural heritage" has gradually been understood and accepted by local circles, and protecting and utilizing "intangible cultural heritage" has become an important task for the government.

In the same year, the Guizhou Provincial Party Committee and Provincial Government made important decisions to build the highway and rapid railway from Guiyang to Guangzhou.

Sandu County entered the southern gate of Qiannan Prefecture as the 'two highs'.

While improving transportation, it faces major development opportunities.

If we want to seize this opportunity to achieve the goal of rejuvenating Xing County, we must make full use of local resources.

As the only Shui autonomous county in the country, Sandu has unique and rich ethnic cultural resources.

The prerequisite for transforming these resources into cultural capital is the protection of cultural heritage.

The key to the protection of intangible cultural heritage represented by horsetail embroidery is inheritance.

To this end, the local government has taken a series of measures.

1.

Institutional and policy guarantees

The "Intangible Cultural Heritage Law of the People's Republic of China" clarifies the role of local governments and proposes that "people's governments at or above the county level should take effective measures based on actual conditions to organize cultural authorities and other relevant departments to publicize and display representative projects of intangible cultural heritage"[4].

As a power department in a certain region, the understanding and decision-making of local governments play a key role in the rise and fall of local traditional handicrafts.

In 2008, Sandu County established a leading group for the development of horsetail embroidery and formulated the "Five-Year Development Plan for the Training of Folk Artists of Horse tail embroidery of the Shui Nationality People in Sandu Shui Autonomous County." The county Personnel, Labor and social protection Bureau took the lead, with the participation of the County Poverty Alleviation Office, the Civil Affairs Bureau, the Economic and Trade Bureau, the Tourism Bureau, the Culture, Radio and Television Bureau, the Federation of Literary and Art Circles, and clarified that "further protect, develop and promote the horse tail embroidery technology of the Shui Nationality people, and comprehensively improve the production level and marketing capabilities of horse tail embroidery.

The guiding ideology of cultivating a group of outstanding folk artists for horse-tail embroidery production "④ demonstrates the importance the local government attaches to local traditional handicrafts.

(2) Training courses have become an important way to inherit skills

From 2007 to 2011, Sandu County held horsetail embroidery training courses every year.

Among them, there are popular "Rural Shui Women's horsetail embroidery technical training courses" and "horsetail embroidery local talent training courses", as well as improved "Advanced training courses for skilled craftsmen" horsetail embroidery.

Universal training enrollment, free registration, and unlimited foundation, aims to improve the breadth of inheritance of horsetail embroidery skills.

Judging from the training situation in recent years, local women are highly motivated to participate in learning.

Taking the "2010 Training for Local Talents of Shui People's Horsetail Embroidery" as an example, the training has been established in Miaoliang Village, Sandong Township Qiao Village, Banlong Village, Shuigen Village, Shuilong Township Government, Tingpai Town Government, and Tangzhou Township Antang Village, etc., with a total of 529 students, offering courses on the development history of Shui people, water book culture, the relationship between horsetail embroidery and intangible cultural heritage, horsetail embroidery market demand analysis and price factors, horsetail embroidery production technology, horsetail embroidery pattern design, Eight courses, including the selection and color matching of horsetail embroidery raw materials, the characteristics and development direction of tourist products, and the design and sales of horsetail embroidery entrepreneurial stores, consider the connection between national culture and traditional handicrafts.

All courses are taught bilaterally by native teachers, and each student is provided with free learning materials such as notebooks, embroidery silk threads and home-woven embroidery base fabrics.

The improved-type training focuses on selecting Shui women with good foundations to strengthen the depth of inheritance of horsetail embroidery skills.

For example, in the "Advanced Training Class for Skilled Craftsmen" in July 2008, the students were mainly provincial and prefectural intangible cultural heritage inheritors and skilled experts who have been engaged in horsetail embroidery for more than five years; in 2009, the county organized 10 horsetail embroidery folk artists to go to Chuxiong, Dali, Lijiang and other places in Yunnan for a six-day field study.

In-depth training broadens the horizons and ideas of skilled experts.

(3) Enhance the status and influence of outstanding artists

For the outstanding works of previous trainees, the organizers uniformly mount and hold special exhibitions to encourage them.

In addition to county-level evaluations, Sandu County also selects and recommends skilled craftsmen to participate in provincial competitions.

In the 2006 finals of the first "Colorful Guizhou Tourism Commodities Two Competitions and One Sessions", Sandu Shui player Wei Taohua's horsetail embroidery work won the special prize of "Guizhou Famous Craftsman", ranking first among the 100, not only winning Sandu County.

It also has a positive impact on the inheritance of horsetail embroidery skills.

After horsetail embroidery was included in the national-level "intangible cultural heritage" project, the recommendation and review of inheritors at all levels has gradually begun.

Currently, horsetail embroidery has 3 provincial-level inheritors, 10 state-level inheritors, and 56 county-level inheritors.

In addition, Sandu County has also launched the professional and technical level qualification review of folk artists.

According to the review results of the Guizhou Province Folk Artists Professional and Technical Level Advanced Review Committee in December 2008, 27 people in the county have obtained advanced professional and technical level qualifications, 7 people have obtained intermediate professional and technical level qualifications, and 183 people have obtained junior professional level qualifications.

Horse tail embroidery artists are an important part of them.

(4) Expand social awareness and demand for horsetail embroidery

In addition to holding relevant training and competitions, Sandu County's large-scale festivals in recent years have established a platform for recommendation and display of horse tail embroidery of the aquatic people, such as: In activities such as the China-Shui Nationality Cultural Tourism Festival, the 50th Anniversary of the County, the Third Qiannan Prefecture Tourism Development Conference and the China Shui Nationality Cultural Tourism Festival, Shui people and men dressed in horsetail embroidery formed a performance square array, which attracted the attention of all parties due to its scale and characteristics."Except for the horsetail embroidery square array, all county leaders and government officials wear horsetail embroidery costumes," and horsetail embroidery was regarded as "a gift for external exchanges and large-scale activities"[2].

This not only expanded the external influence of horsetail embroidery, but also raised the local Shui people's awareness of horsetail embroidery, enhanced their sense of pride, and objectively expanded the social demand for horsetail embroidery products.

3.

Inheritance of horsetail embroidery after "intangible cultural heritage"

Government guidance and various protection measures have cultivated and expanded the emerging market of horsetail embroidery, promoted people's value awareness and cultural awareness of the nation's cultural heritage, and brought new social situations to the inheritance of horsetail embroidery.

(1) The enthusiasm of inheritance subjects for learning has increased

Under the dual effect of government propaganda and economic benefits, local women have a new understanding of the importance of horsetail embroidery, a traditional handicraft skill.

More and more people are starting embroidery again and holding a high degree of enthusiasm for relevant training and learning.

For example, in Miaoliang Village, Zhonghe Town, Sandu, a total of more than 60 people participated in the "2010 Shui Nationality Horse Tail Embroidery Local Talent Training".

Girls in the village began to learn horse tail embroidery at the age of 13 and 14.

Not counting women over 50 years old (no longer suitable for embroidery due to blurred eyes), there are now more than 80 people who can do horse tail embroidery, and there is a state-level inheritor.

This atmosphere has also inspired foreigners who have never been exposed to horsetail embroidery.

Some women of other ethnic groups who have married to Shui areas have taken the initiative to participate in the training and voluntarily learn this skill.

(2) The inheritor actively plays a leading role

After horsetail embroidery was included in the "intangible cultural heritage" project, it has attracted attention from many parties.

In addition to improving the level of their own works, inheritors at all levels have also boldly tried with the encouragement and support of the government to transform themselves from manufacturers and educators of horsetail embroidery into operators and propagandists, which has stimulated the enthusiasm and confidence of local women in inheriting horsetail embroidery on a larger scale.

Provincial inheritors Wei Taohua and Song Shuixian are representative figures among them.

The two skillful artists have learned good skills from their elders since childhood.

Although their adult experiences are different, they have the same persistence in horsetail embroidery.

Wei Taohua has won many awards in competitions inside and outside the province.

Her superb skills and various honors have won her more attention and support.

She received support from special funds for the development of small and medium-sized enterprises in Guizhou Province twice in 2009 and 2010 (30,000 yuan).

With the help of many parties, her career grew bigger and bigger.

In August 2010, she invested 200,000 yuan to establish Sandu County Peach Horse Tail Embroidery Art Production Co., Ltd.

As a representative of the inheritors, Song Shuixian once participated in the Beijing China Museum Expo, the Shanghai World Expo, the Taiwan Culture and Folk Tourism Expo, etc., promoting and displaying the charm of horsetail embroidery to audiences from all over the world, and successively collected thousands of horsetail embroidery works.

While managing horsetail embroidery products, he opened a family museum for people to visit.

The inheritors 'love and persistence for horsetail embroidery not only changed their own lives, but also attracted a group of Shui sisters to follow them to learn and make horsetail embroidery in the process of expanding their business, promoting the inheritance of horsetail embroidery in the local community.

(3) Changes brought about by commercial operations

Traditional horsetail embroidery is an integral part of the costumes and daily necessities of the Shui people.

It is mainly produced by the house and mainly presented to each other by relatives and friends.

A small number of works are sold to local people in the market.

Nowadays, a large number of horsetail embroidery products have entered the market and are commercialized.The main forms of horsetail embroidery sales in Sandu include "horsetail embroidery association finding markets for everyone (Sandu currently has two horsetail embroidery associations, in Zhonghe Town and Banlong Village, Sandong Township); brokers and horsetail embroidery specialty stores specializing in the purchase and processing of horsetail embroidery; scattered purchases of souvenirs and gifts by urban people and foreign tourists; and the purchase demand of local people" ④ and other aspects.

Commercial management has expanded the demand and sales of horse-tail embroidery, which has caused structural changes in the economic sources of some local Shui families.

Many women have separated from agricultural production and concentrated on making horse-tail embroidery, becoming the main source of family income.

Men's attitudes have gradually changed in life.

For example, in Banlong Village, Sandong Township, men used to do very little work.

Women had to farm, feed pigs, take care of children, etc.

With the continuous development of horsetail embroidery in the village, men can actively cooperate with women and share housework, allowing them to have more time to learn and make horsetail embroidery.

Horse tail embroidery has given Shui women more respect and significantly improved their family and social status.

In addition, some women who used to work no longer go out, but pick up needlework again.

They believe that "doing embroidery at home can earn income and take care of children and the elderly"[5], which objectively promotes the stability of local rural families and society.

4.

Changes in horsetail embroidery products themselves

In recent years, the function of horsetail embroidery has gradually expanded from traditional practical daily necessities to many aspects such as craft decorations, tourist souvenirs, and special gifts, becoming an iconic national craft product in Sandu County.

In this development process, the content and shape of horsetail embroidery products are also changing.

(1) Patterns innovate through inheritance

In the long-term production and life, horsetail embroidery has formed a unique artistic style and various auspicious patterns, reflecting the aesthetic psychology of Shui people.

The traditional patterns of horsetail embroidery are mainly composed of animals, plants and natural forces, such as phoenixes, butterflies, bats, snails, horses, flowers and plants, thunder and lightning, the sun and the moon, etc.

They are either closely related to the lives of Shui people, or contain ancient myths and legends record and convey people's wishes to seek good luck and pray for blessings.

With the increase of information sources, Shui women are influenced to varying degrees by foreign concepts and cultures.

While inheriting traditional content, some embroiderers actively try to incorporate the scenes they see in life, their beautiful imaginations of things, and even the scenery from TV into their horsetail embroidery.

In the students 'homework in the training class, some works directly use the auspicious characters of the water script they have learned as the main lines; some use the young men and women of the Shui nationality people in their lives as the objects of expression; and some depict special scenes in their memories.

There are also innovative patterns in the costumes embroidered with horsetail.

For example, the costumes displayed by the interviewees in Tingpai Town are embroidered with unique characters and heads.

The shapes are vivid, concise and creative.

Like many ancient traditional handicrafts, horsetail embroidery is a whole with distinctive characteristics, but at the same time each of its works is unique, reflecting the artistic accumulation and what each creative individual sees and feels.

Therefore, works from different periods will present their own style.

(2) Shape changes in life

With the changes in lifestyle and concepts, the shape of Shui people's horsetail embroidery works is also quietly changing.

According to the state of existence, it can be summarized into four situations:

One is the gradual disappearance of categories, such as pillows and quilt decorations.

In the Shui Culture Exhibition Hall in Shuige Village, Jiuqian Town, objects with horsetail embroidery inlaid with pillows and quilt covers are displayed, but they are rarely seen in the life of the Shui people.

The second is to evolve and coexist, such as embroidered shoes.

Horse tail embroidered high-heeled shoes are an important part of Shui people's costumes.

Today, traditional na-sole embroidered cloth shoes still exist, but young and middle-aged women who love new styles combine horsetail embroidery with high heels, and use finished high-heeled soles to supplement them with hand-embroidered vamps, processed into horsetail embroidered high-heeled cloth shoes that are unique to Shui people.

Among them, Hongdi embroidered shoes have become the first choice for women in the county when getting married.

The third is to retain inheritance categories, such as braces.

Horse tail embroidery straps are called "bad knots" in the water language.

The craftsmanship is exquisite and complex.

They can be called a representative work of horse tail embroidery of the Shui people.

The strap cover alone consists of 20 horse tail embroidery pieces.

The custom of sending straps is still maintained in the Shui area.

When a girl gets married and gives birth to her first child, her family must send her a bed of horsetail embroidered straps to wish her daughter a happy marriage, wish the child good luck and well-being, and also buy and send whatever her family cannot do.

Therefore, horsetail embroidery straps are still traded in rural markets, and this shape of works has been well inherited.

The fourth is to extend and expand categories, such as costumes and decorations.

Traditional women's costumes in areas where horsetail embroidery is popular only decorate horsetail embroidery badges on the waists.

In recent years, as people's awareness of the value of horsetail embroidery has increased, horsetail embroidery decoration has been expanded to collars, cuffs, trouser legs and other parts.

People are proud to wear their own horsetail embroidery costumes on festivals and important occasions.

At the same time, some commercialized horsetail embroidery works have been transformed and extended.

Pure decorative products such as embroidery sheets with frames and large wall hanging have emerged.

Product trademarks customized for enterprises have even appeared.

Horse tail embroidery has been brought into a wider range of application areas.

5.

Thoughts on the protection and inheritance of horsetail embroidery

Horse tail embroidery is not only a traditional handicraft, but also the cultural blood of the Shui people.

It conveys the history and emotions of ancestors in generations of works.

Compared with the situation where the embroidery works inherited in some ethnic areas tend to be simplified and similar, Horse tail embroidery of the Shui people has formed a new inheritance situation after the "intangible cultural heritage", and has gained its own space for survival and development through changes.

From a positive perspective, the attention of all parties and the resource development led by the local government have brought emerging markets, promoted the protection and inheritance of horsetail embroidery skills, and to a certain extent, improved the status of skill holders, providing people with expanded horizons, enhanced self-confidence and creativity.

But at the same time, we should also note that in the process of development and utilization, horsetail embroidery is no longer a single, self-sufficient traditional handicraft, and some products have become characteristic national commodities.

In this transformation, horsetail embroidery's historical value and cultural value are weakened.

Traditional horsetail embroidery is a necessity for Shui people, the emotional sustenance of the producer, and carries national memory and culture.

The quality of embroidery is an important indicator of whether the producer is skillful and even character.

When it became a commodity, people pursued more production speed and external form, and the craftsmanship was preserved, but the intrinsic nature was often ignored.

Compared with the family-based word-of-mouth method, the concentrated teaching method inevitably leads to a single understanding of the history and culture contained in horsetail embroidery.

While the main connotation is popularized, it is likely to cause some essence cultural traditions to be misunderstood or lost.

In view of this situation, the author believes that the protection and inheritance of horsetail embroidery can be divided into two development directions: on the one hand, it is to continue and protect traditions.

Local governments will invest in public welfare cultural undertakings,"provide necessary inheritance sites and provide necessary funds to support inheritors to carry out activities such as apprenticeship, art transfer, and exchanges"[4], and establish special inheritance display centers at different levels, with local inheritors acting as a link between the past and the next.

The production steps and materials are not simplified, and the characteristics of traditional handicrafts are protected.

They do not simply pursue output and economic benefits.

While teaching skills, they also emphasize the cultural connotation of horsetail embroidery.

Protect spiritual wealth.

This is the foundation of protection and the foundation of development.

The other aspect is innovation and market expansion.

"The state encourages and supports the special advantages of intangible cultural heritage resources, and on the basis of effective protection, rationally utilizes representative intangible cultural heritage projects to develop cultural products and cultural services with local and national characteristics and market potential." [4]With the help of scholars and media, we will further enhance the social awareness of horsetail embroidery, encourage powerful enterprises to cooperate with innovation-conscious inheritors, give full play to the artistic talents of the inheritors, and local governments will provide appropriate support policies such as tax exemptions, and rely on the operation of enterprises.

Advantages, study and grasp the characteristics of the modern business environment, develop new products that meet the needs of modern consumers, create brands of horsetail embroidery related products, and realize multi-level development of cultural heritage.

Change is a necessity in the inheritance of traditional handicrafts.

It is precisely because each era has different social and cultural situations, different personalities and pursuits of the times that our "hand-on skills" will show different characteristics.

As far as the inheritance and development of aquatic horsetail embroidery is concerned, the "intangible cultural heritage" protection system has undoubtedly created an opportunity for it to revitalize.

The "intangible cultural heritage" efforts led by local governments and the ensuing training and promotion may have political and economic motivations, but it cannot be denied that they objectively and better handle how traditional handicrafts can be integrated with modern society and survive.

The problem of survival.

Changes that occur at this level of cultural consciousness should belong to a benign change or positive inheritance.

Notes:

① The most influential ones include China Intangible Cultural Heritage Expo (Shandong), China (Zhejiang) Intangible Cultural Heritage Expo, China Chengdu International Intangible Cultural Heritage Festival, etc.

② "Opinions of the General Office of the State Council on Strengthening the Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritage in my Country"(Guo Ban Fa [2005] No.

18), March 26, 2005.

③ Compiled based on interviews with local villagers.

④ Refer to the "Five-Year Development Plan for the Training of Horse Tail Embroidery Folk Artists of the Shui Nationality People in Sandu Shui Autonomous County (Draft for Comments)."

③ Not only are all students participating in the training free of charge, but they are also provided with a unified information bag.

In addition to the notebooks and pens used for general study, there are also colorful silk threads and a base cloth for embroidery.

The preparation of these two things The organization unit did put a lot of thought into it.

The silk threads are mainly in grass green, yellow, gold, orange, gray, purple, brown and other colors, which follow the color of traditional horsetail embroidery straps and embroidery, which plays a guiding role in the color matching of embroidery for students.

The base cloth is specially made of home fabric dyed with indigo, and is bonded with a base lining to keep it stiff.

It is cut into A4 size for easy carrying and mounting.

④ Compiled based on local interviews.

③ Local people believe that these high-heeled embroidered shoes simplify the production process and retain the traditional auspicious patterns.

They are more wear-resistant and waterproof, and are both practical and beautiful.

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(This article was originally published in the 2012 issue of the Journal of Ethnic Studies.

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