[An Deming] Experiencing the Border of a Country: Taking Tourism in the China-Vietnam Border Area in Guangxi as an Example

Abstract: Tourism in the China-Vietnam border areas in Guangxi mainly includes five types: natural scenery eco-tourism, ethnic folk culture eco-tourism, China-Vietnam border customs tourism, historical heritage tourism and red tourism.

They are all unified under the core concept of "border" and have built a tourism system with the theme of "border customs".

By using oral art and a variety of other folk resources, and performing border elements through various means, local tourism objectively provides tourists from mainland China with a place to appreciate the unique customs of the border while feeling the boundaries of their own country and strengthen national awareness.

Keywords: country; border tourism; China-Vietnam border; performance author: An Deming, researcher and director of the Folk Literature Office, Institute of Literature, China Academy of Social Sciences

In many modern nation-states, the awareness of national identity can be said to have been deeply rooted in the hearts of the people.

Due to the promotion and shaping of the mainstream ideology in the community, this consciousness will be transmitted to members of the community through various channels, and even internalized into an organic component of the basic concepts of most individuals or groups, and then consciously or unconsciously Become the starting point for them to think about themselves and the relationship between themselves and others.

In December 2008, during a half-month field survey of tourism in the China-Vietnam border areas of Guangxi, the author found that tourism in border areas far away from the national center not only promotes local economic development as an important industry, but also affects many tourists from mainland China have played a role in strengthening their concept of "motherland" and national identity.

1.

Tourism types in Guangxi's China-Vietnam border areas

Five counties and cities, including Jingxi, Daxin, Longzhou, Pingxiang and Dongxing, located in the southwest and south of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, are located along the China-Vietnam border.

It has beautiful natural scenery and rich cultural and historical resources, providing an important foundation for the local government and relevant authorities to develop tourism.

Being located on the border between China and Vietnam is a common feature that makes this region very different from many other regions in the country.

It has also become a prominent advantage in local tourism development and a core factor in integrating various tourism resources.

According to my observation, from the perspective of specific tourism resources, local tourism can be mainly divided into five types: natural scenery eco-tourism, ethnic folk culture eco-tourism, border customs tourism with the theme of China-Vietnam border, important historical heritage tourism and red tourism.

However, although each attraction may be famous for one of the above five types, and the iconic tourism types emphasized by different counties and cities will vary, in actual operation, whether in a county, a city, or a specific tourist destination, the content of these five types will often intersect with each other, and there is no single content that is completely independent of other types.

What is particularly important is that almost all counties and cities have unanimously unified tourism in their regions under the core concept of "border" and built an organic tourism system with the theme of "border customs".

1.

Natural scenery eco-tourism

Driving from Nanning to Daxin and Jingxi is not far away.

Looking up at any time, there is scenery almost everywhere and every glance.

The magic of the karst terrain will shock and intoxicate all those who come here for the first time.

This fantasy and magnificent natural scenery has become the most ready-made and rich resource for developing tourism in counties in southwestern Guangxi.

Detian Multinational Waterfall, located in Daxin County and located in the upper reaches of the Guichun River, the border river between China and Vietnam, is the most famous natural landscape in this area.

It has also become one of the most important landmark contents in Guangxi's China-Vietnam border areas and even the entire Guangxi tourism projects.

The waterfall is more than 200 meters wide and more than 60 meters deep.

It spans China and Vietnam.

It is the largest transnational waterfall in Asia and the second largest in the world.

In 2005, it was named "The Most Beautiful Waterfall in China" by National Geographic of China magazine.

The waterfall falls into three levels, with a magnificent momentum and a sound that can be heard for miles.

Detian Waterfall is closely connected to Panyo Waterfall in Vietnam.

They are both formed by the Guichun River, the border river between China and Vietnam.

It is amazing that the Guichun River, which is divided in half by the invisible national border, naturally forms a delta in the middle of the river at the top of the waterfall, naturally dividing the waterfall into two independent parts.

Due to its special international geographical location and the rich symbols of national emotions it contains, for many China tourists, the charm of this waterfall goes far beyond its spectacular and majestic nature as a natural landscape.

Tongling Grand Canyon, located in Jingxi County, is also an amazing large-scale natural scenic spot.

The canyon is about 1000 meters long and more than 200 meters wide.

It is long, narrow and deep.

The green shade in the valley blocks the sky, and the air is refreshing.

After entering the valley, follow the stone steps and winding down about four to five hundred meters, during which time you have to pass a steep staircase cut in a spacious cave more than 100 meters high to reach the valley bottom.

There is an underground river gurgling out at the bottom of the valley.

Follow the river and walk through a winding mountain road to the end of the canyon.

Tongling Waterfall falls from the sky and rocks the valley.

This waterfall is said to be 30 meters wide and 188.6 meters high during the flood season.

It is the highest unipolar waterfall in Asia.

[1]In addition, there are thousands of rare plants gathered in Tongling Canyon.

Among them, the ferns Alsophila spinulosa and Avalinatum fern belonging to the dinosaur era are first-class protected plants in the country that are on the verge of extinction and are extremely rare in other regions.

[2]

In many places, promotional materials I hear or see from time to time compare the local scenery with Guilin.

For example, on both sides of the archway at the entrance of Jiuzhou Street in Xinjing Town, Jingxi County, there is such a couplet: "Guilin has beautiful mountains and clear waters, like Suzhou and Hangzhou are outstanding people." The tourism promotion of Daxin County even slogans "Guilin's mountains and rivers are the best in the world, and Daxin is everywhere in Guilin."

This comparison reflects, on the one hand, the determination of local people to strive to promote and expand local influence, and on the other hand, it is also a true portrayal of the local natural appearance.

In the picturesque mountains and rivers, there are many special tourist attractions developed under the leadership of local governments and relevant institutions.

In addition to the above-mentioned Detian Waterfall and Tongling Canyon, there are many other attractions that can compete with these two.

For example, Equan, Quyang Lake, Dalongtan, Aibu Waterfall in Jingxi County and Gulong Mountain Canyon Group, the largest original ecological cave canyon group in China,[3] Mingshi pastoral scenery in Daxin County, the wonderful scenery on the bank of the Heishui River), Mencun Jianmu Wang, Qiao Miao Pinghu, Dragon Palace Wonderland,[4] Minjian 'ao Scenery, Jinlong Reservoir, and Nonggang National Nature Reserve in Longzhou County,[5] Jintan, Bailijiaodong Mangrove Forest, Zhushan Ancient Banyan, Wanhe Mountain, Hongshi Valley in Dongxing,[6], etc., all have different styles.

These many scenic spots are basically built with necessary auxiliary facilities such as roads, guardrails and basic service areas on the basis of retaining the original natural scenery, and have outstanding original ecological characteristics.

They constitute the main attraction for Guangxi's China-Vietnam border areas to attract many domestic and foreign tourists.

2.

Ethnic folk culture eco-tourism

All counties and cities in this area belong to places inhabited by multiple ethnic groups.

In addition to the Zhuang nationality, which accounts for the vast majority of the population, there are also Han, Jing, Yao and other ethnic groups.

They all have rich national folk cultural traditions.

Due to its location on the border, due to the influence of natural conditions and special historical conditions, the development here is relatively slow, which objectively makes the preservation of traditional life culture relatively complete, thus providing conditions for the local development of humanistic and eco-tourism.

A prominent example of ethnic folk culture tourism is the Jiuzhou Zhuang Ecological Museum in Jingxi County.

The museum is the first Zhuang ecological museum in Guangxi and is located in Jiuzhou Community, Xinjing Town, Jingxi County, a famous scenic spot.

The museum was officially completed and opened in September 2005.

It consists of two parts: the exhibition center and the original preservation of Jiuzhou Street.

The exhibition center is a comprehensive building in the nature of an exhibition hall.

In addition to displaying and collecting production and daily necessities, folk handicrafts, costumes, musical instruments, scripts and other objects and related materials that express all aspects of Zhuang's production, life and culture, it is also built here.

A place for staff to work and research staff to stay.

The original protection of Jiuzhou is closely related to the Zhuang residents who have lived in the area for generations.

It also requires all residents not to change the function and style of the building on the premise of ensuring that the original residential owners in the area continue to use their residences.

For stages, ruins, tombs, roads, etc.

in the area, the local government has made new repairs while maintaining their simple style.

While protecting ancient buildings and ancient neighborhoods, the Jiuzhou Ecological Museum pays more attention to the protection and development of intangible cultural heritage such as folk literature and traditional handicrafts.

It can be seen from the guide map of the old state set up in the exhibition center that in the entire old state neighborhood, planners have named 14 "cultural display households" as family display points for specialized skills, and their specific addresses are clearly marked on the "guide map".

The heads of these families are all outstanding inheritors of certain traditional talents, such as traditional embroidery craftsmanship, folk song singing, traditional residential architecture, traditional wine-making, tie-dyeing craftsmanship, wood carving, clay sculpture, peasant painting, etc., and most of them have the title of "master of traditional crafts","inheritor of intangible cultural heritage" or "inheritor of excellent folk culture" at the autonomous region or national level.

In their shops, they placed various honorary certificates, and even photos taken with leaders of institutions or government departments such as the China Federation of Literary and Art Circles in a very conspicuous position to highlight their uniqueness.

These brand advantages not only bring them better business than their average counterparts in the neighborhood, but also reflect the omnipresent influence of the country and globalization from one aspect.

These "display households", as well as a large number of families on the ancient street who are not listed as display households but are also engaged in the production and sale of traditional handicrafts, their daily activities of making hydrangea, wood carvings and other handicrafts at their doorsteps, as well as the products themselves placed on the street, all constitute a landscape rich in local folk characteristics, and play a role in enriching the content of the entire ecological museum through technical displays and the works themselves.

It has become an object that attracts tourists 'attention as much as the beautiful scenery of the old state.

Integrating tourism content related to local ethnic traditional folk culture in the beautiful natural scenery is not only an effective development and utilization of local rich cultural resources, but also an indispensable factor in the development and prosperity of tourism.

At the same time, it is also for local ethnic traditional culture.

It can also play a role in further protection in development, development and utilization.

However, can the local people and their daily lives be museum-turned into content for viewing? What ethical issues would this raise? This is a question that local tourism planners must seriously think about and face.

3.

Border customs tourism with the theme of China-Vietnam border

China-Vietnam border tourism is not only the core theme of tourism in this region, but also an important specific content of special tourism in counties and cities.

In every county and city, the boundary rivers and boundary monuments between China and Vietnam can be seen almost everywhere.

Moreover, every county and city has a treaty port or border trade exchange point with Vietnam.

Among them, Longbang Port in Jingxi, Shuikou Port in Longzhou, Youyi Pass in Pingxiang and Dongxing Port in Dongxing are all national first-class ports, while Daxin's Detian Border Trade Point is located in the Detian Waterfall Scenic Area.

It is also a very active and distinctive exchange point.

These ports and border trade points are originally ordinary and ordinary places, but because of their artificial division, they have extraordinary international political significance.

Here, tourists from other parts of China can watch the mountains and rivers of another country across a river, a gate, or even a line drawn on the road, observe the daily life of China's "border people" and the activities of Vietnam people who appear on the other side of the border from time to time; You can stand in front of the border line defined by the boundary pillars and experience the strange feeling that you can go abroad by taking a step forward.

For tourists who do not have the status of border residents, this is of course an "illegal crossing "), and retreating is returning home; You can also observe the situation where border residents of the two countries can freely travel through simple procedures, and feel the unique scene of dividing one village into two countries due to border demarcation.

Of course, by going through relevant procedures, people can also leave the country from these ports and travel to Vietnam to experience the customs and customs of foreign countries, and this is especially the most attractive part of border tourism projects.

What is worth mentioning is the border trade exchange points in Detian Scenic Area.

It is formed around Boundary Monument No.

53 located in the scenic area.

The monument was erected by the Qing government in 1896.

It is engraved with the words "Guangxi Border of China" and attached in French-from which we can see a special history of Vietnam becoming a French colony.

The front of the boundary pillar faces Vietnam territory and the back face China territory.

Since the border buffer zone between the two countries is within 100 meters of the boundary pillar, allowing citizens to communicate, conditions have been created for the development of free border trade.

On a large open space belonging to Vietnam territory on the front of the boundary pillar, a number of stalls run by Vietnam have been set up to sell goods such as cigarettes, food, medicines and slippers produced in Vietnam to Chinese tourists.

Tourists from China can, on the one hand, experience the special pleasure of freely crossing national borders here, and can also bargain with stall owners from foreign countries to buy foreign products.

It can be said that this constitutes the scenery of the Detian Waterfall Scenic Area.

A tour within a tour.

4.

Tourism in important historical relics

In this area, there are a large number of historical relics.

Among these relics, the sites of various defensive facilities built by China in the late Qing Dynasty to resist the French invasion as a colonizer of Vietnam, such as the Xiaoliancheng Battery Group in Longzhou, the Detian Battery Group in Daxin, and the Daliancheng Battery Group in Pingxiang, are the most prominent.

These sites are not only historical witnesses of the China people's fight against foreign aggression, but also symbols of the special geographical location of counties and cities in southwestern and southern Guangxi as front-line border areas.

Therefore, they have become important projects in local tourism development.

For example, Xiaoliancheng, located 3 kilometers outside the city of Longzhou County, has become a leading scenic spot in Longzhou County after preliminary development and has large-scale reception capabilities.

The Xiaoxiancheng Battery Group was built by Su Yuanchun, a famous anti-French general, Guangxi prefect and flood supervisor.

It was built in the 12th year of Guangxu in the Qing Dynasty (1886 AD) to resist the invasion of the French army.

It took nine years to build it.

At that time, it was the command center and commander of the prefect on the Guangdong-Vietnam border defense line.

Among them, in addition to 15 fortresses built in mountain caves according to the mountain conditions, Baoyuan Palace is also built in a large natural cave on the south side of the main peak.

It was once a place for Su Yuanchun to gather generals to discuss soldiers, banquets, and stay on the edge of the town.

place.

[7]This attraction became a tourist attraction in the early Republic of China, with a large number of cliff stone carvings left.

Today, due to natural damage and man-made destruction, not only are there no cannons left on the fort, but the Baoyuan Palace is also a dilapidated atmosphere.

Perhaps, as a tourist attraction, there are still many contents to be developed and improved here.

However, when tourists are in a narrow, remote, humid and cold cave, and think about how Su Yuanchun lived in such an environment to command border defense, it can arouse the memory and admiration of this military official who has long been respectfully called "Su Gongbao" by the locals.

5.

Red tourism

Red tourism is mainly the leading tourism project in Longzhou County.

In 1930, Deng Xiaoping and others launched an armed uprising in Longzhou, established the Eighth Army of the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army of China, and established the Zuojiang Revolutionary Committee.

This left a rich revolutionary historical legacy for the local area.

At present, the former residences of revolutionaries and the sites of revolutionary work have long been opened as memorial halls.

Together with the Longzhou Uprising Memorial Hall built and opened in recent years, they constitute an important part of the local red tourism project.In addition, Longzhou has also cooperated with Vietnam in recent years to carefully create another unique red tourism, namely the "China-Vietnam Transnational Ho Chi Minh Footprint Tour." Longzhou County is one of the foreign bases where Chairman Ho Chi Minh of Vietnam and other early revolutionaries carried out secret revolutionary activities.

Ho Chi Minh and more than 40 founding fathers of Vietnam, including Huang Van Tho, Long March, Fan Van Thong, Vo Yuan Gia, and Zhou Van Chin, carried out revolutionary activities in Longzhou for 18 years, leaving behind a large number of sites and relics of the Vietnam National Liberation Movement.

Longzhou County has deeply explored these distinctive transnational red tourism resources, actively invested funds to restore and repair the former site of the secret office of Vietnam revolutionaries in Longzhou, and opened the former site where Ho Chi Minh once lived as the "Longzhou Ho Chi Minh Exhibition Hall".

Through rich pictures, texts and physical materials, Ho Chi Minh's activities in Longzhou were introduced, his deep friendship with the people of Longzhou, and friendship between China and Vietnam.

This exhibition hall has attracted a large number of Chinese and Vietnamese tourists since its opening and has become a major brand in Longzhou's red tourism.

2.

Landscape and humanities integrated into border customs

Above, we have made a general summary of the main types of tourism in counties and cities in the China-Vietnam border area of Guangxi.

Of course, this generalization is mainly for the convenience of analysis.

In fact, as already pointed out earlier, each tourist attraction often integrates multiple types of content, and there is no such attraction composed of a single resource that is completely independent of other types.

For example, in the Jiuzhou Ecological Museum, tourists can experience both Zhuang customs and beautiful scenery; in the Detian Scenic Area in Daxin County, while taking the natural landscape of Detian Waterfall as a prominent symbol, it also integrates border trade customs, ancient fort ruins and many other tourist-attracting contents, etc.

All in all, all tourist attractions are composed through the combination of natural scenery and cultural characteristics.

In this integration, humanistic factors have always been at the core, among which folk customs, especially in the composition of a scenic spot, play a crucial role.

The content of folk customs is first designed as the main body of tourism displays.

For example, tourism projects such as the Jiuzhou Zhuang Ecological Museum, the Border Trade Exchange Point in Detian Scenic Area, and the Longzhou "Ho Chi Minh Footprints Tour" are mainly composed of direct presentations of handicrafts and handicrafts, market activities and traditional houses.

These folk customs are themselves the core of tourism displays.

In addition, in almost every scenic spot, there is a wealth of oral art content such as related legends, proverbs, and ballads.

They are fully utilized and become an important resource for shaping the historical and cultural value of the scenic spot.

Take Tongling Grand Canyon as an example.

This scenic spot famous for its natural scenery contains many related legends.

The "second scenic spot" in the canyon is the "Site of the Zhuang Uprising Army of the Song Dynasty".

The manager briefly described its history with words engraved on the wooden plaque:

Zhi Zhigao, the leader of the Zhuang nationality in Guangyuan Prefecture in the Northern Song Dynasty, now Jingxi Daxin, led the Zhuang people to resist Jiaozhi invasion many times.

Park in the first year of Emperor You of the Song Dynasty (1649) was built in Ande, Jingxi, today.

Yongzhou was once captured and Guangzhou was fought in a bloody battle.

Later, he was suppressed by Di Qing, the famous general of the Northern Song Dynasty, defeated Kunlunguan and retreated westward to Dali, Yunnan, without knowing where to go.

His brother and son led the rest of the army to retreat into the mountains to continue resisting.

It is said that Zangjin Cave, ancient stone base camp pan, Shenzhang Broken Stone, etc.

are all left behind by it.

According to the tour guide, the Zangjin Cave and other locations mentioned in this passage have related legends.

The stone wall at the entrance of the canyon is the site of Yingpan in Zhigao's time.

Behind the stone wall is a hole about 60 meters deep, known as the Zangjin Cave.

It is said that after Gao Zhigao was defeated by Di Qing at Kunlunguan, he withdrew here with a large amount of gold and silver treasure and hid eighteen loads of gold in this cave.

In the nearby area, a folk song has been circulated since ancient times: "Mountains to mountains, rocks to rocks, find Zangjin Cave, and Guangxi will not be able to eat it all." It is said that many people have come here to seek treasure, but all of them return without success in the end.

The Divine Palm Broken Stone refers to a huge broken stone lying here.

It is said that after Gao Zhigao was defeated, he still continued to practice every day in an attempt to make a comeback.

After three years of hard training, three years of study, and three years of preparation, his skills reached a superb level.

In order to verify his skills, he slapped the extremely solid stone pillar next to the cave.

As a result, the stone pillar more than 4 meters high was cut into two by him with one strike and placed it across the cave, becoming what is now a view of the Tongling Grand Canyon.

[8]

There are humanistic colors everywhere in mountains and rivers, which has always been an important criterion for landscape aesthetics in China.

The existence of many legends and rumors has given rich connotations to the beautiful landscape, making it from a simple natural landscape to a complex closely related to people and people's history, becoming more meaningful and accessible.

This can be said to be the reason why almost all scenic spots that win by their natural scenery must enhance their appeal by actively exploring and displaying relevant oral literary resources.

If integrating natural scenery with cultural resources and fully exploring and utilizing folk resources is a common strategy and means adopted by tourist spots around the country today, then tourism in the border areas of China and Vietnam in Guangxi is deeply marked by the "border".

Brand and distinctive.

Among every local scenic spot,"This belongs to the border area" is a prominent theme that has always been emphasized.

At a major intersection in the Detian Waterfall Scenic Area, a billboard is erected: "Cross-border sightseeing on the water: 20 yuan/person, fulfill your dream of going abroad.

Take a bamboo raft to swim around the Guichun Boundary River, get in close contact with the Banyo Waterfall in Vietnam, unveil the mystery of the central boundary pillar of Vietnam, and feel the unique charm of 'two lands'." It strongly embodies the concept of attracting tourists with concepts such as "going abroad" and "going abroad", which is very representative in the local area.

As boundaries that mark the scope of sovereignty between countries, borders are often directly presented in concrete form and become tourist landscapes or their components, such as man-made physical elements such as boundary monuments, treaty ports, border markets and ancient fortresses, or Vietnam houses on the other side of the border, Vietnam stall owners at border trade exchanges, and Vietnam farmers who use rickshaws to transport agricultural products to China through treaty ports from time to time; But at the same time, in many cases, it will penetrate into tourist spots and the actual travel process in an invisible way, that is to say, retreat from the direct display object to become a context-like factor.

The so-called context here refers to "a frame frame) that surrounds the event under investigation and provides a reference for its reasonable interpretation." [9]It can be seen that for tourists in the China-Vietnam border areas, the local scenery, history and folk customs have become extraordinary because they are associated with the country's borders.

Whether it's admiring the magnificent scenery of Detian Waterfall and Guichun River, visiting various ruins, or shopping in the market, tourists are experiencing a unique feeling of being in a border area.

As a context, although there is no trace, national boundaries constantly and truly affect the progress of tourism practice and strengthen the theme of "border tourism".

In order to achieve this result, local tourism is full of various forms of performances of many "border elements".

In addition to the direct display of concrete content such as boundary monuments, boundary rivers, and border people-which can be regarded as a designed "cultural performance",[10] What is particularly common is the narration of tour guides and the various written introductions set up in scenic spots.

-a "performance" that can be understood from the perspective advocated by the American folklorist Bauman.

[11]

As some research institutes have pointed out, tour guides have become oral art narrators of occupations in the new era and have a strong authoritative role in inheriting the culture of their areas.

[12]Tour guides in Guangxi's border areas are no exception.

In the process of guiding tourists to visit, they will continue to tell many information that is related to the attractions but cannot be directly seen from the attractions themselves, such as the friction between the border residents and local governments of Vietnam, the Guichun River, the Sino-Vietnamese border river, how the Xiaoxian Fort exerted its power in the early battle against the French invaders, the deep friendship formed by an old man in Longzhou with Ho Chi Minh for protecting Vietnamese leader Ho Chi Minh in his early years, etc.

The core of them is inseparable from the characteristics of the "border." The tour guide's narration of these contents always occurs during the tour of each specific attraction.

In this specific context, the tour guide's narration constitutes a mode of communication with tourists, and in this mode, they always have to consciously assume the responsibility of accepting tourists 'evaluation of what they say and telling skills.

Therefore, this kind of narration belongs to a "complete performance", and the concepts it emphasizes will inevitably have a more positive impact on the listener.

In every scenic spot, you can often see a lot of written information, such as the inscription on "Introduction to Little Liancheng" in the Little Liancheng Scenic Area, the introduction to the "Second Scenic Area" of the Tongling Grand Canyon mentioned above, and the "Cross-border Tour and Ride Points on Water" billboards.

They also highlight the "border" characteristics of each scenic spot.

They are set up in the scenic spot and establish a close relationship between tourists and the scenic spot through fixed texts and display methods, using reading as a framework for communication.

As written forms, they bear the responsibility of accepting readers 'evaluation of what they write and the quality of their writing from the beginning.

Therefore, these contents can be said to belong to a special "performance".

[14]Like the tour guide's narratives, they will undoubtedly serve to remind tourists that "this is a border" and keep tourism under the theme of "border".

3.

Experience the presence of countries at the border

For local governments, the main purpose of developing this border-themed tourism industry is largely to develop the local economy-and it turns out that tourism has indeed brought significant economic benefits to the region.

For example, in 2007, the total number of tourists received in Daxin County reached 750,000, and the comprehensive tourism revenue reached 287 million yuan, contributing 37.3% to the county's GDP growth.

[15]However, the emphasis on "border" characteristics in order to shape the uniqueness of local tourism has objectively played a role in strengthening the awareness of "country" among many tourists from mainland China.

China tourists traveling to the China-Vietnam border areas may visit here mainly to see and feel the imaginary remote and even strange border scenery and customs.

However, during the actual travel process, by viewing the scenery that is endowed with strong international geopolitical significance, observing the daily life and mutual interactions of border people from the two countries, especially listening to tour guides telling relevant legends, stories or local knowledge, what they gain is not only a direct and practical understanding of the residents of border areas from two different countries, but more importantly, a deep understanding of the spatial differences between the two countries.

As well as a clearer and more prominent feeling and awareness of "my country".

For the purpose of highlighting the characteristics of the border, in specific tourism practice, tour guides often tell some information that reflects the differences between China and foreign countries, and even the frictions and conflicts between the two countries.

For example, the legend about Boundary Monument No.

53 in Detian Scenic Area says that after the court drew the boundary, it sent several soldiers to carry Boundary Monument No.

53 to the demarcation site to erect the monument.

Due to the high mountains and long roads and the hot weather, these soldiers couldn't bear the hardships and stopped slacking off in the place with two days left to travel.

They dug a random hole, hastily erected Boundary Pillar No.

53, and returned to their assignment.

As a result, my country lost a two-day journey of land in vain.

This legend is full of absurdity.

However, it seems real and credible due to China's humiliating history in international exchanges during the late Qing Dynasty.

These histories and legends form intertextuality, providing people familiar with it with a special discourse context to understand and believe this specific legend by projecting their emotions into it.

[16]Therefore, for tour guides, telling this legend may be mainly to highlight the theme of tourism and enrich the content of tourism activities; but for tourists from China, the legend will cross-refer with their relevant historical knowledge and arouse strong emotions in their hearts, just as a travel note wrote after quoting this legend: "The Qing government was corrupt and lost a subsidiary state of Vietnam to France, and the Qing soldiers were lazy and lost a large area of land to Vietnam.

It's really ridiculous, sad, irritating, and hateful." [17]

Some scholars have pointed out that the nation-state, as a product of imaginary plastic construction, is also a materialization process, that is, to embody this imaginary nation-state with common recognized objects and make it tangible.

[18]From this perspective, the boundaries of a country happen to belong to the kind of commonly recognized thing that can embody the country, because, as Anderson said: "Nations are imagined to be finite, even if the largest of them may include a billion living people, their boundaries, even if they are variable, are still finite." No nation imagines itself to be equal to all mankind." [19]At the same time,"the boundaries between countries located at the interface of national territory are of special importance in determining the scope of sovereignty and defining the spatial form of closed political areas..."[20]

The deliberate emphasis on borders makes a clear distinction between "I" and "him","my country" and "his country".

In this comparison,"my country" becomes more tangible in space.

It is palpable, and "I"'s sense of identity with my own country will become stronger as a result.

As a result, there is such a very subtle effect: tourists from all over China, in border tourism that they think they can relax, in places far away from their hometowns and the center of national power, evoke a much stronger and clearer emotion and awareness of their country than when they were in their hometown.

Here is an example of the emotion of a fellow traveler while I was visiting Detian Waterfall.

This friend heard from the tour guide that in recent years, Vietnam has made many small moves in the Guichun River Basin, the border river between China and Vietnam, which not only affected the water volume of Detian Waterfall, but even almost caused controversy over its ownership.

If China had not taken corresponding measures, we might have lost our ownership of this most beautiful waterfall in China.

So he wrote this sentence in Detian Scenic Area: "The three cascading waterfalls are magnificent, and thousands of feet of white practice hangs hollow.

Covered by mountains and forests, take a raft to view the scenery and travel in the secluded pool.

Enjoy the splash of jewelry from Detian close by, and the water lingering on the board from afar.

The Fifth Third Boundary Monument has been clearly surveyed, and how can the barbarians get their hands on it."

In short, through various tourism promotional materials, especially tour guides, combined with tourists 'understanding of the history and other background knowledge of the border areas, the local natural scenery, life traditions, historical sites, and even ordinary people have become important symbols symbolizing international relations, national identity and independence, allowing people to further highlight their own boundaries in comparison with others and their territories.

I also strongly feel and understand my own country on the border, and then re-examine the relationship between "I" and "my country".

On the other hand, it should be pointed out that for residents living on the border, the so-called "border people"), by demonstrating the unique attributes of border tourism, they not only promote the great development of the local economy, but also express their understanding and understanding of their own country's history, sovereignty and territory.At the same time, through continuous exchanges with tourists, tourists 'curiosity about their life traditions and themselves have been further strengthened, and their national awareness, as well as their recognition and confidence in their own "border people" identity.

[21]

To sum up, there are few tourism from other places that can arouse tourists 'emotions and awareness about their own nation-state as tourism in border areas.

In this regard, the significance of tourism in the China-Vietnam border areas in Guangxi far exceeds ordinary tourist spots.

It provides tourists from mainland China with a special venue to experience the wonderful feeling of being on the border, feel the borders of their own country and strengthen national awareness.

It also provides local people with the opportunity to further accept and strengthen their identity as China border dwellers.

[1]Jingxi Travel Network http://www.gxjxly.com.

[2]Jingxi Travel Network http://www.gxjxly.com.

[3]Jingxi Travel Network http://www.gxjxly.com.

[4]According to the author's inspection and the information provided by the Daxin County Party Committee and County Government.

[5]Longzhou County website www.gx.xinhuanet.com/wq/longzhou

[6]See: Zhu Shengyong and Liu Quanyue, chief planner, Huang Zitao, editor-in-chief: "Rising Sun Dongxing", Dongxing Committee of the Communist Party of China, Dongxing People's Government, December 2008 edition, pages 9, 20-25.

[7]According to the inscription on the "Introduction to Xiaoliancheng" in Xiaoliancheng Scenic Area in Longzhou County.

[8]The author's survey data in December 2008.

[9] Alessandro Duranti and Charles Goodwin, eds.

Rethinking Context: Language as an Interaction Phenomenon, p3.

Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992.

[10][Beauty] By Richard Bauman, Dr.

Richard Bauman, translated by Yang Lihui and An Deming: Verbal Art as Performance, Nanning: Guangxi Normal University Press, 2008, pp.

203-207.

[11]Bowman believes that performance is a mode of communication, in which performers have the responsibility to the audience to demonstrate their communication skills-[Beauty] by Richard Bowman, translated by Yang Lihui: "The View of" Performance "in the Field of American Folklore and Anthropology","Studies in Ethnic Literature", No.

3, 2005, pp.

139-144.

[12]Yang Lihui, Zhang Xia, Xu Fang, Li Hongwu, Tong Yunli: "Ethnographic Research on Modern Oral Myths-A Case Study of Four Han Communities", Xi'an: Shaanxi Normal University Press, 2011, p.

24.

[13][Beauty] By Richard Bauman, translated by Yang Lihui and An Deming: "Oral Art as Performance", pp.

77-78.

[14][Beauty] by Dr.

Richard Bauman, translated by An Deming: "The Performance and Honor of Iceland in the Thirteenth Century (Part 1)", Folk Culture Forum, No.

6, 2008, pp.

83-89;"The Performance and Honor of Iceland in the Thirteenth Century (Part 2)", Folk Culture Forum, No.

1, 2009, pp.

86-93.

[15]According to information provided by Daxin County Party Committee and County Government in December 2008.

[16] Richard Bauman.

A World of Others’ Words: Cross-Cultural Perspectives on Intertextuality, pp4-8.

Oxford and Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers, 2004.

[17]Liang Ducao: "Thoughts on Touching Scenarios while Traveling at Boundary Monument 53 on the China-Vietnam Border", China Writers website www.chinawriter.com.cn) September 5, 2013.

[18] Erik Mueggler.

2002.

Dancing Fools: Politics of Culture and Place in a "Traditional Nationality Festival".

Modern China 28 1): 3-38.

Quoted from Li Jing: "Impression of the Water-Splashing Festival": Ethnic Minority Festival Tourism Interwoven in National, Local, and Folk Rituals ", see this issue of" Folklore Research ".

[19][American] Benedict Anderson, translated by Wu Ruiren, Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism, Shanghai: Century Publishing Group Shanghai People's Publishing House, 2005, pp.

6-7.

[20]Anderson quotes Richard Moore's exposition, by Benedict Anderson, translated by Wu Ruiren: "Imaginary Community-The Origin of Nationalism in Dispersion", p.

162.

[21]This issue is relatively complex and requires a separate article to discuss it.

Due to space limitations, we will not go into details here.

(This article was published in Folklore Research, No.

1, 2014)