[Zhang Zhaolin, Zhang Xianchang] On private capital in the field of intangible cultural heritage protection

Abstract: Private capital is an important force in the protection of intangible cultural heritage in my country, but the academic community has not yet carried out systematic research on it.

This paper conducts research around the concept, characteristics, research value, role and role of private capital in the field of intangible cultural heritage protection, striving to maximize the effectiveness of private capital in the protection of intangible cultural heritage.

Keywords: private capital; intangible cultural heritage; social forces; regulations

Private capital is an important force in the field of intangible cultural heritage protection and an important part of protection investment.

In my country's current situation of heavy construction tasks and high pressure on government investment, the role of private capital in the field of intangible cultural heritage protection has become more apparent, and it is particularly important to strengthen research on it.

The concept, characteristics and research significance of private capital in the field of intangible cultural heritage protection, as well as how to realize the positive role of private capital, and how to appropriately regulate it and urge it to fulfill its social responsibilities are the focus of this paper.

The concept, characteristics and research value of private capital in the field of intangible cultural heritage protection

To study private capital in the field of intangible cultural heritage protection, we must clarify the concept and characteristics of private capital in this field.

Referring to the definition standards of private capital in other fields and the current situation of private capital in the field of intangible cultural heritage protection, we can measure private capital in the field of intangible cultural heritage protection using the following three standards: private capital is hidden in the private sector, but is regulated by the government.

Capital that exists legally; Comply with our country's relevant legal systems, be owned by our citizens and be recognized by the government to some extent; plays a unique and irreplaceable role in the field of intangible cultural heritage protection.

Based on the above standards, capital other than state capital and foreign capital that can effectively play a promoting or promoting role in protection work can be included in the category of private capital in this study.

1) The concept and characteristics of private capital in the field of intangible cultural heritage protection

Private capital in the field of intangible cultural heritage protection can be defined as: in the practice of intangible cultural heritage protection, it complies with our country's relevant legal systems and plays an active role and is contained in private capital owned by our citizens.

Of course, private capital will also appear in different forms in the practice of intangible cultural heritage protection and play different roles.

The form of private capital in protection practice can be real capital, such as cash, raw materials, factories, etc., as well as virtual capital, such as certain memories, skills, etc.

It includes both existing capital and potentially unoccurring capital, so private capital is a collection of capital.

Private capital in the field of intangible cultural heritage protection has the following characteristics:

The subject of property rights is clear.

Investors in private capital are both owners and investors, and their property rights boundaries are clear.

Therefore, private capital owners strive to have control over the entire investment process, or hand over this right to someone they can trust to exercise on their behalf.

This characteristic of private capital enables its owners to become investment entities that conform to the characteristics of the market economy like other investment entities.

Private capital itself is a product of the development of the market economy, and its emergence and gradual growth are closely related to the market economy.

Of course, given the relatively small scale of private capital, it can only be temporarily called a micro investment entity.

The profit-seeking nature of private capital.

The fundamental motivation for private capital investment is to pursue its own economic interests and maximize investment returns, which is also the attribute of all capital.

Although private capital investment will also produce certain social benefits, that is not its essential starting point.

It prefers to invest in areas with short payback periods and high returns.

However, since private capital cannot grasp complete market information, it inevitably has certain blindness and blind obedience when investing, which can easily lead to a certain degree of duplication and blind construction.

Its investment curve has considerable volatility, which can easily cause major ups and downs in the regional economy or industry economy, leaving the stability of the entire economy lacking guarantee.

The existence and occurrence area of private capital is relatively narrow, but it has a great intersection with the distribution area of intangible cultural heritage projects.

Given that private capital is mainly concentrated in the private sector, its main activity areas are relatively concentrated in small and medium-sized towns, which is precisely the area where intangible cultural heritage projects are densely distributed.

Therefore, there is a great intersection between the existence and occurrence areas of private capital and the distribution of intangible cultural heritage projects, and various connections continue to occur intentionally and unintentionally.

2) The value of private capital research in the field of intangible cultural heritage protection

Strengthening research on private capital in the field of intangible cultural heritage protection and encouraging and guiding private capital to participate in the protection of intangible cultural heritage will help to reasonably divert the gradually growing and wandering private capital, and to a certain extent eliminate the disorder of private capital.

State, incorporate it into the country's overall development plan, and find a spillway for the huge influx of private capital.

Strengthening research on private capital in the field of intangible cultural heritage protection, encouraging and guiding private capital to participate in the protection of intangible cultural heritage, is of great practical significance for creating a protection system with full participation, clarifying the role of private capital in the field of intangible cultural heritage protection, and optimizing government allocation.

It is of great practical significance to the proportion of protection funds, improving the structure of protection funds, and indirectly promoting the reform of the government's macro management system and the transformation of functions.

my country's intangible cultural heritage projects are concentrated in the tertiary industry, and state-owned capital pays relatively little attention to this, so there is a certain capital vacancy range.

The intervention of a large amount of private capital can not only fill the capital depressions in the region, but also help regulate our industrial structure, expand grassroots regional markets, and accelerate the flow of various cultural production factors and resources within the region.

Analysis on the Role and Role of Private Capital in the Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritage

Private capital is idle capital that satisfies private self-production and self-consumption, so it can also be understood as capital outside private daily life.

Of course, private capital can also be divided into different parts based on its profit-seeking nature.

For example, private capital with strong profit-seeking nature can be used for the protection of intangible cultural heritage, but the capital owner is only willing to invest it in projects with a higher rate of return, because the project owner inherits the main body) in order to repay the principal and interest, it will inevitably require better returns and will inevitably invest funds in projects with better economic returns.

General profit-seeking private capital refers to investment projects owned by individuals but without high profits in the short term.

In order to avoid idle capital, it is invested in intangible cultural heritage projects to ensure a certain return.

This part of capital is generally invested in projects that have not good economic benefits or have not good short-term economic benefits but good long-term economic benefits) but have certain social benefits.

Non-profit-seeking capital refers to capital that does not need to pursue profits.

It mainly comes from various donations in society, mainly donations from enthusiasts and organizations who love intangible cultural heritage.

Due to its small scale, non-profit-seeking private capital has little room for its use in the field of intangible cultural heritage protection, so its role is relatively small.

In protection practice, we also found that due to the instability of private capital and the non-long-term nature of investment, it is difficult to invest private capital in projects with better social benefits for a long time.

Private capital, like other capital, has profit-seeking nature, and changes its form in a certain period of time because of the size of the profits it pursues.

If the economic activities in which private capital can participate have considerable profit margins, then the capacity of private capital will continue to increase, and capital from other fields will even be transferred to economic activities at this time.

If private capital participates in economic activities with small profit margins, or cannot participate in economic activities with profit margins, then private capital may participate in the overall economic operation in other forms, such as saving and purchasing government bonds.

Private capital in the field of intangible cultural heritage protection is relatively small compared with other fields, because the profit margin in the field of intangible cultural heritage protection is small and there is not much room for participation.

In view of the current situation that intangible cultural heritage projects generally exist in the private sector, and a large number of intangible cultural heritage projects cannot enter the field of production and circulation, there is little opportunity for private capital to participate in them.

However, as my country promotes the implementation of productive protection in the fields of intangible cultural heritage such as traditional skills, traditional art and traditional medicine and drug processing, policy support and good opportunities have been provided for private capital to actively participate in it.

The "Opinions of the Ministry of Culture on Strengthening the Productive Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritage" have demonstrated the government's positive attitude and encouraged private capital to participate in protection practice through multiple channels and channels.

For example, Dong 'e E-jiao is the first batch of intangible cultural heritage in the country.

During the process of development, it faces capital constraints for a certain period of time.

It finances society through the stock and bond markets, solving financial constraints in development and becoming an intangible cultural heritage in my country.

The vanguard of the development of cultural heritage.

Appropriate regulations on private capital in the field of intangible cultural heritage protection

The ultimate goal of my country's intangible cultural heritage protection work is to protect the orderly inheritance of intangible cultural heritage.

Therefore, private capital participating in the protection of intangible cultural heritage must "take maintaining the authenticity, integrity and inheritance of intangible cultural heritage as the core, and take the effective inheritance of intangible cultural heritage skills as the prerequisite", and use a production factor.

Participate in the production, circulation, sales and other aspects of specific intangible cultural heritage projects, and realize its own reasonable benefits on the premise of promoting the effective inheritance of intangible cultural heritage projects.

As part of social protection forces, private capital actively participates in the protection of intangible cultural heritage, which is also an exploration for us to carry out national protection.

The participation of private capital in the protection of intangible cultural heritage is only one way for social forces to participate in the protection of intangible cultural heritage.

It is by no means an all-round and all-purpose protection method, let alone the only protection method.

Therefore, in protection practice, we should implement certain regulations on private capital to avoid some unnecessary detours in order to achieve the expected protection benefits.

Actively explore effective mechanisms for positive interaction between the living inheritance of specific intangible cultural heritage projects and current economic and social development.

Advocating and encouraging private capital to participate in the practice of intangible cultural heritage protection is to try to establish an effective mechanism for positive interaction between the living inheritance of specific intangible cultural heritage projects and the current economic and social development, and to practice the protection of intangible cultural heritage and the improvement of people's livelihood.

Organic combination.

At the same time, private capital participating in the protection of intangible cultural heritage may not be able to participate in all protection projects.

This is due to the limited scale of private capital and the different inheritance characteristics of different intangible cultural heritage projects.

The scale of private capital is smaller than other capital, and my country's institutional mechanism for private capital investment management is not perfect, so it is impossible for private capital and capital owners dare not participate in too many intangible cultural heritage projects.

Only projects that are closely related to the market and need to rely on the market to achieve inheritance can be used as targets for private capital participation.

If private capital participates in other intangible cultural heritage projects indiscriminately, it will not only fail to realize its own reasonable benefits, but will also cause harm to intangible cultural heritage projects.

We must adhere to the primary position of social benefits and adhere to the organic combination of social benefits and economic benefits.

The economic benefits of private capital's participation in the protection of intangible cultural heritage are realized through the sale of cultural goods transformed from intangible cultural heritage and its resources.

In terms of investment income, its size has largely become an important weight for private capital to decide whether to participate in protection practices.

If our protection practices cannot bring certain economic benefits to the private capital participating in it, then it will be difficult to attract private capital to participate in the practice of intangible cultural heritage protection.

We must ensure the benefits of private capital in the protection of intangible cultural heritage to a certain extent, which is an important step towards achieving universal protection.

Different support measures can be provided for different specific intangible cultural heritage projects, such as the implementation of preferential policies such as taxation, credit, and establishment of cultural industry development funds, so that the interests of private capital participating in the practice of intangible cultural heritage can be obtained in another way.

Guaranteed.

In protection practice, we must realize that the protection practice of intangible cultural heritage cannot be inseparable from certain economic benefits, but economic benefits must not replace social benefits as the most important factor in measuring the success or failure of protection practice.

In protection practice, we must and always adhere to the primary position of social benefits and the effective combination of social benefits and economic benefits.

Only in this way can we achieve the prosperity and development of excellent traditional culture, meet the spiritual and cultural needs of the people, promote cultural consumption, and achieve the organic combination of protection and improvement of people's livelihood.

Whether to allow private capital to participate in the inheritance of specific intangible cultural heritage projects must fully respect the choice of the inheritors.

There are many forces and methods to participate in the protection of intangible cultural heritage, and even each specific intangible cultural heritage project has protection forces and methods that suit its own characteristics.

In choosing protection forces and protection methods, we must fully respect the choice of inheritors and adhere to the diversity of protection methods.

The key to whether private capital can promote the protection and inheritance of specific intangible cultural heritage projects lies in the specific analysis of the specific problems of specific intangible cultural heritage projects, and the judgment and choices must be made based on the characteristics and laws of their inheritance.

All promotion of private capital's participation in the protection and inheritance of all intangible cultural heritage projects will cause great harm to different intangible cultural heritage projects; all refusal of private capital to participate in the protection of intangible cultural heritage will delay the normal development of some projects in urgent need of private capital.

In the choice of taking and abandoning, we must avoid a one-size-fits-all approach caused by excessive interference from external forces.

We must fully respect the wishes of the inheritors of specific projects, and make decisions based on the actual situation of project inheritance and development.

There must be no cases where individual departments, experts, scholars, and even the news media are interfering in the work, let alone blindly follow the trend regardless of the specific project.

(This article was published in Business Times, No.

26, 2014.

The annotations are omitted.

See the original issue for details)