[An Xuebin] China's concepts, practices and experience of intangible cultural heritage protection in the first 20 years of the 21st century

Abstract: The rise of the modern intangible cultural heritage protection movement is a precious cultural consciousness and important behavioral choice of mankind.

China's intangible cultural heritage protection in the first 20 years of the 21st century not only adhered to the concept and spirit of the Convention for the Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritage, but also carried out unique creative practices and built cultural diversity, integrity, science, people-oriented, cultural reproduction and other concepts.

We have carried out practices and explorations that cover a wide range of areas, involve a large number of people, have great impact, and have achieved outstanding results.

We have formed a complete and dynamic measure system and accumulated unique and valuable experience.

It is at the forefront of the protection of intangible cultural heritage in the world and provides wisdom and enlightenment for it.

Keywords: Intangible cultural heritage protection; China; concept; practice; experience

As an important manifestation of the world's cultural diversity, intangible cultural heritage is an important civilization relic and precious spiritual wealth created, inherited and developed in the long historical development process of mankind.

It carries historical witness, cultural inheritance, civilized aesthetics, social aggregation, economic guidance and other functions.

It has precious historical, cultural, art, science, identity, resources, society and other major values, and is important to world prosperity, human civilization, national prosperity, national development, Social progress plays a very important role.

However, with the transformation of agricultural civilization to industrial civilization, with the multipolarity of the world political landscape, economic globalization, development of industrialization, cultural diversification, internationalization of education, social modernization, residential urbanization, communication informatization, and resource marketization, with the profound impact of new scientific and technological revolutions such as the Internet, big data, and artificial intelligence, and with the subversive changes in traditional human values, production and life, culture and education, communication and entertainment, and aesthetic judgment, The soil and environment on which intangible cultural heritage depends are rapidly disappearing.

Intangible cultural heritage is facing unprecedented difficulties and challenges.

Countless intangible cultural heritage are facing serious problems such as rapid disappearance, time-breaking inheritance, random development, and distortion and abuse.

Modern intangible cultural heritage protection based on human cultural consciousness came into being, and new ideological concepts, practical activities, and methods and paths also emerged.

It has become the most creative, rational and intelligent, deeply rooted and fruitful since the end of the 20th century.

A global cultural movement.

With UNESCO's 1997 Regulations on Representative Works of Oral and Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity's decision to establish representative works of oral and intangible cultural heritage of mankind, in 2001, the first batch of "human oral and intangible cultural heritage" including Chinese Kunqu opera art was announced.

Representative works of material cultural heritage, adopted the Convention for the Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritage in 2003 and China joined the Convention for the Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritage in 2004, With the promulgation of the "Opinions of the General Office of the State Council on Strengthening the Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritage in my Country" in 2005, major events and opportunities such as the emergence of major events and opportunities, China has kicked off the grand prelude to intangible cultural heritage protection at an important moment when mankind has just entered the 21st century.

In the first 20 years of the 21st century, a grand era and global action in which global intangible cultural heritage protection is fully launched and deeply promoted, China strives to build new ideas and concepts on intangible cultural heritage protection, actively carries out practice and exploration, and has made remarkable achievements.

A new China path and valuable China experience has been formed.

Irina Bokova, Director-General of UNESCO, spoke highly of "China's intangible cultural heritage protection at the forefront of the world."

1.

China's concept of intangible cultural heritage protection

The concept of "Intangible Cultural Heritage" has experienced "intangible cultural property" in Japan and South Korea in the 1950s in the 1960s,"intangible cultural heritage" from the Convention for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage in the early 1970s to the late 1980s,"folk creation or traditional folk culture)" from the "Proposal for the Protection of Folk Creation" in the late 1980s to the late 1990s, The "Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity" from 1998 to 2003 and the Convention for the Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritage in October 2003 officially confirmed the use of "Intangible Cultural Heritage".

It is a long process of deepening understanding, conceptual change, practical advancement, exploration and innovation, academic maturity, and public acceptance.

It is also a practical process of intangible cultural heritage protection from point to area, from small to large, from shallow to deep, and from germination to global cultural action.

It reflects the dilemma of intangible cultural heritage facing extinction, and also reflects the characteristics and courage of human cultural consciousness, responsibility, rational wisdom, practical innovation.

In October 2003, UNESCO defined in its Convention for the Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritage, a landmark for mankind that "intangible cultural heritage" refers to "the various social practices, conceptual expressions, forms of expression, knowledge, skills, and related tools, objects, handicrafts and cultural sites that are regarded as part of its cultural heritage." In 2004, China acceded to the Convention for the Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritage.

In March 2005, the "Notice of the State Council on Strengthening the Protection of Cultural Heritage" Guo Fa [2005] No.

42) pointed out that "Intangible cultural heritage refers to various intangible forms that are closely related to people's lives and are inherited from generation to generation.

Traditional cultural expressions, including oral traditions, traditional performing arts, folk activities and rituals and festivals, folk traditional knowledge and practices about nature and the universe, Traditional handicraft skills, etc.

and cultural spaces related to the above traditional cultural expressions." Subsequently, the State Council promulgated the "Interim Measures for the Application and Evaluation of Representative Works of National Intangible Cultural Heritage", stipulating that "Intangible cultural heritage refers to various traditional cultural expressions that have been passed down from generation to generation by people of all ethnic groups and are closely related to people's lives, such as folk activities, Performing arts, traditional knowledge and skills, as well as related instruments, objects, handicrafts, etc.) and cultural space." Intangible cultural heritage as defined in the "Intangible Cultural Heritage Law of the People's Republic of China" passed on February 25, 2011 "refers to various traditional cultural expressions passed down from generation to generation by people of all ethnic groups and regarded as part of their cultural heritage, as well as objects and places related to traditional cultural expressions."

China has rich, diverse and relatively precious intangible cultural heritage, and it is also precious and rare, passed down orally and in the heart, living, fragile and endangered.

It is also undergoing changes of the times, social changes, scientific and technological changes, ecological variation, and many other practical factors.

Influence and erosion.

Under the global wave of intangible cultural heritage protection actions and the unified top-level design and overall deployment of the country, China has begun practical activities with its own characteristics for intangible cultural heritage protection, which fully reflects the protection of history, grasp the present, face the future, prosper culture, and care for mankind.

Core requirements for developing society.

The first and most important thing about intangible cultural heritage protection in China is rationality and science in terms of thoughts, concepts and concepts.

In the protection of intangible cultural heritage in China, the national cultural department emphasizes the concepts of protection while improving, entering modern life, and seeing people and things and seeing life.

The purpose is to emphasize that intangible cultural heritage protection should focus on adapting to the progress of the times, social changes, and the needs and characteristics of human development.

It must be combined with compliance with laws, service needs, return to the people, unity of man and nature, absorb nutrition, innovative development, and avoid closed, static, solidified, and rigid so-called protection.

Only in this way can intangible cultural heritage be effectively inherited and developed in the natural environment with good ecology, fertile soil of the people, the profound wisdom of the people, and the opportunities and conditions created by the times.

1) Adhere to the concept of cultural diversity protection and ensure diversity, exchanges and mutual learning between the world and mankind.

Based on complex and diverse reasons such as historical background, national characteristics, natural environment, and social ecology, human groups in different countries, different ethnic groups, and different regions have formed unique cultures with diverse forms, different styles, different contents, and different characteristics.

These different unique cultures contain rich historical memories, content records and precious values, and also constitute the most important shared and diverse cultural heritage of mankind.

"Cultural diversity is the source of communication, innovation and creation.

It is as essential to mankind as biodiversity is to maintaining biological balance.

In this sense, cultural diversity is the common heritage of mankind and should be recognized and affirmed in consideration of the interests of contemporary people and future generations." In view of this, for the numerous intangible cultural heritage, which is an important manifestation of the diversity of the world's cultures, first, we must adhere to the requirements of "each has its own beauty, the beauty of the beauty, the beauty of the same, and harmony but difference".

While cherishing, cherishing, inheriting and protecting our own precious cultural heritage, we must respect, accommodate, understand, appreciate and protect the excellent cultural heritage of others, and strive to create a beautiful situation in which thousands of trees compete for spring, flowers bloom, diversity coexist, and harmony but difference; The second is to give full play to the unique and important functions and values of intangible cultural heritage, strive to promote unity, friendship, harmonious coexistence, peace and stability in the world, and strive to promote human creation and innovation, intelligence and wisdom, cultural progress, ideological deepening and spiritual sublimation; The third is to earnestly follow the principles and laws of "civilizations communicate because of diversity, learn from each other because of exchanges, and develop because of mutual learning", and make them better through exchanges and mutual learning of intangible cultural heritage, seeking common ground while reserving differences, learning from each other's strengths, and following good choices.

Promote a steady stream of endogenous driving force for world peace, human civilization, social progress, and economic prosperity.

The core, foundation and key to achieving the above aspects is the importance, respect and protection of cultural heritage, which is an important manifestation of cultural diversity.

2) Adhere to the concept of holistic protection and ensure the systematic, complete and visible life of inheritance and protection.

The intangible cultural heritage system is an overall image of the interaction and organic aggregation of many elements such as history, culture, human beings, environment, and inheritance methods.

We cannot just see the trees but not the forest, miss everything, or miss anything.

Otherwise, there will be a situation where the lack of elements causes the specific connotation, unique forms, inheritance methods, and result effects of cultural heritage to vary, or even disappear.

To this end, China has first made a top-level design and overall plan for the national intangible cultural heritage protection based on a comprehensive census and a clear understanding of the family background, and carried out the national intangible cultural heritage protection work in a comprehensive, systematic, diverse and resonant manner to avoid omissions, mistakes, omissions, and achieve overall benefits for national intangible cultural heritage protection; The second is to focus on the positive interaction of historical relics, national characteristics, regional characteristics, cultural connotation, humanistic ecology, natural environment, inheritance subjects, inheritance methods, rescue protection, development and utilization, etc.

in the protection of cultural heritage, so as to ensure that intangible cultural heritage is scientifically inherited and protected in the real environment of changes in the times and social transformation.

That is to say, we must not only protect the intangible cultural heritage itself, but also protect the humanistic ecology, natural environment, inheritance subjects, and related elements on which cultural heritage depends for survival; The third is to adhere to the basic requirements of "seeing people, seeing things, and seeing life", focusing on intangible cultural heritage and natural and humanistic ecology, with communities or groups or individuals that are the main body of heritage holders), with people's production and life, with related tools and objects, handicrafts), etc.

Close integration rather than disconnection, focusing on the integration of intangible cultural heritage into modern production and modern life, focusing on the characteristics of intangible cultural heritage reflecting the progress of the times and social development, and focusing on stimulating the interest of the younger generation in intangible cultural heritage.

3) Adhere to scientific concepts and ensure that inheritance and protection are legally governed and healthy and orderly.

Scientific nature emphasizes proceeding from reality, seeking truth from facts, respecting the essential attributes of the development of things, following the objective laws of the development of things, achieving the unity of subjectivity and objectivity, and achieving high-quality development of things in the best way.

Scientificity is the highest requirement for the development of things and an important evaluation criterion for the development of things.

In the protection of intangible cultural heritage, China must, first, earnestly follow the endogenous laws of intergenerational inheritance, evolution and development, scientifically determine and conscientiously adhere to the guiding ideology of intangible cultural heritage protection and "protection first, rescue first, the policy of rational utilization, inheritance and development" ensures that there is no directional deviation between inheritance, protection and development; second, scientifically identify the forms and contents of various intangible cultural heritage, eliminate the rough and select the best, eliminate the false and retain the true, tap the value, effectively utilize it, and play a role; The third is to combine the historical inheritance model and modern development methods to formulate and implement laws and regulations on the protection of intangible cultural heritage, explore, innovate and inherit new protection methods, and promote the legal protection and scientific protection of intangible cultural heritage; the fourth is to build scientific protection, supervision, evaluation mechanism to ensure the healthy protection of intangible cultural heritage.

4) Adhere to the people-oriented concept and ensure the full play of the main role and the all-round development of people.

The people-oriented concept emphasizes people's subjectivity, importance, initiative, creativity, and sharing.

It believes that people are the most important, fundamental and critical decisive factor in the development of things.

It emphasizes people-centered and everything for people.

The ultimate goal is to realize people's comprehensive development.

To this end, in terms of intangible cultural heritage protection, China follows the rules that culture is created for people's needs and cultural heritage is inherited and protected for people's needs, eliminates the one-sided understanding of inheriting for inheritance and protecting for protection, and clarifies that the purpose of cultural heritage protection is to better inherit and develop, better reflect its value and role, better integrate into modern life, better meet people's needs, and carry out scientific development and rational utilization on the basis of rescue, inheritance, and protection, truly enable intangible cultural heritage inheritance.

The benefits generated by protection and development serve and benefit the people; the second is to maximize the enthusiasm, initiative and creativity of creators, inheritors, managers, practitioners, audiences and participants of intangible cultural heritage to better solve the problem.

Who does it rely on for intangible cultural heritage protection? The core issues of, and effectively solve core issues such as improving intangible cultural heritage protection capabilities, so that the main body of "people" can better play its important role in subjectivity, initiative, core, and creativity; The third is to proceed from the foundation of the creation and inheritance of cultural heritage to meet people's needs, give full play to the unique inheritance history of intangible cultural heritage in human development, disseminate knowledge, educate civilization, aesthetically entertain, nourish people's hearts, identify and unite, gather society, and strive to promote the all-round development of people.

Fundamentally solve the problem of cultural heritage protection "for whom?" "Relying on whom?" and other core issues, and ultimately achieve all-round development of people.

5) Adhere to the concept of cultural reproduction and ensure the creative transformation and innovative development of cultural heritage.

The process of development of human society is the process of cultural creation and reproduction.

Cultural reproduction promotes human progress and social development.

It requires human society to not only pay attention to the cultural heritage produced in the past, but also pay attention to the innovation and reproduction of culture.

Through cultural reproduction, production promotes self-reflection, criticism, adjustment, transcendence and renewal of society and culture.

To this end, in the protection of intangible cultural heritage, China regards the sustainable inheritance and sustainable development of intangible cultural heritage as an important goal and task, and adopts various inheritance and protection measures to ensure that intangible cultural heritage is not lost, extinct, or continuously replaced; The second is to implement an innovation-driven strategy in terms of ideological concepts, systems and mechanisms, policies and regulations, connotations and forms, measures and methods, evaluation and supervision, and actively carry out rational and scientific exploration and innovation to better break down shackles, enhance motivation, stimulate vitality, and promote cultural heritage.

Re-creation and reproduction make it more popular in form, healthier and progressive in connotation, more prominent in value, and more scientific and effective in methods, ensuring the gradual inheritance and transcending renewal of intangible cultural heritage.

Sustainable development; Third, through creative transformation, intangible cultural heritage resources can be creatively transformed into resources for human progress, social development, and economic construction, and intangible cultural heritage such as handicrafts and traditional medicine can be creatively transformed into pillar industries for economic development, producing economic benefits and social effects will enable intangible cultural heritage to glow with new vitality and vitality in new inheritance and protection channels, and play a greater role and contribution.

2.

China's practices and achievements in the protection of intangible cultural heritage

The focus, foundation, key and foothold of intangible cultural heritage protection lie in "protection", so the understanding, understanding and grasp of "protection" are crucial.

The Convention for the Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritage defines "protection" as "'protection 'refers to the adoption of measures to ensure the vitality of intangible cultural heritage, including the recognition, filing, research, preservation, protection, publicity, promotion, inheritance, mainly through formal and informal education) and revitalization." This includes at least the following four aspects of connotation and requirements: First, through in-depth and meticulous investigation, clarify its historical origin, basic connotation, expression form, functional value, living status, endangered degree and other factors, and confirm it as intangible cultural heritage.

It is necessary for protection; Second, practical measures need to be taken to establish, rescue, preserve, protect and inherit the recognized intangible cultural heritage to ensure its sustainable and effective inheritance and development; Third, it is necessary to deeply explore the precious value of intangible cultural heritage through publicity, education, research, etc., spread the significance of intangible cultural heritage, and promote the spirit of intangible cultural heritage, so that it can maximize its important role and significance; Fourth, the foundation and purpose of intangible cultural heritage protection is to promote the sustainable inheritance, innovative development, prosperity and revitalization of intangible cultural heritage, and benefit people.

1) The significance of intangible cultural heritage protection in China

First, by protecting intangible cultural heritage, rescuing, inheriting and protecting rare and endangered intangible cultural heritage, we can better understand its historical "living fossil" role, and further explore and discover historical facts, connotations, and laws in the historical development of the country, nation, and human beings.

We will better inherit, improve, and enrich the history and understanding of human development, learn from the past, use history to promote the present, and give full play to the role of historical laws and experience; The second is to protect intangible cultural heritage, maintain and enrich the development of cultural diversity, promote cultural prosperity, enhance cultural self-confidence, and enhance cultural soft power; the third is to protect intangible cultural heritage, better play its role in inheriting history, spreading civilization, educating, and aesthetics.

The role of entertainment, nourishing people's hearts, and guiding resources can improve the quality of the people, enrich people's lives and entertainment, and promote the improvement of ideological and moral levels, cultural consciousness and civilization; Fourth, by protecting intangible cultural heritage, we can better play its role in identifying the country, the nation, culture, and hometown, effectively improve our sense of identity, belonging, and mission to the country and the Chinese nation, and better unite people's hearts and gather strength, integrate society, promote the realization of national unity, border stability, ethnic unity, harmony among the people, and social harmony, and accelerate the construction of a community with a shared future for the Chinese nation; Fifth, by protecting intangible cultural heritage, we should give full play to the role of tourism resources, cultural resources, economic resources and other resources of cultural heritage, better promote its positive role in the development of tourism, culture, creativity, services, economy and other industries, and promote economic construction., improve people's income levels and living standards, and better play a major role in winning the battle against poverty, comprehensively winning a moderately prosperous society, and realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation; The sixth is to enrich the theoretical concepts, intelligence, and methods and paths of human intangible cultural heritage protection, provide ideas and experiences that other countries and regions can learn from, and play a role and contribute to the world's intangible cultural heritage.

2) China's practice and achievements in intangible cultural heritage protection

In the first 20 years of the 21st century, China adhered to the historical thoughts and methods of protecting the excellent traditional culture of the Chinese nation, upheld the concepts and spirit of the Convention for the Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritage, implemented the cultural heritage protection requirements of the party and the country, combined with actual exploration and innovation, and actively carried out intangible cultural heritage protection practice.

It has created many outstanding achievements in protection work that is of pioneering significance around the world and has achieved major achievements in overall protection, which has changed the previous lack of attention, lack of protection, In serious situations such as accelerating extinction, a good situation and protection system have been built that attaches great importance to it, systematically promotes it, implements it in layers, comprehensively protects it, makes breakthroughs in key areas, and has achieved obvious results.

1.

Build an organizational structure, improve the work pattern, and establish policy and institutional guarantees.

The first is to clarify the dominant position and leadership responsibilities of party committees and governments at all levels, establish a working pattern and long-term mechanism in which party committees are led, government is responsible, cultural departments are responsible, and all parties participate, establish a working mechanism for the joint meeting system of ministries and commissions, and integrate cultural heritage protection into the overall pattern of economic and social development, especially the overall planning, unified deployment, unified implementation, and unified assessment of the "Five in One" overall layout and the coordinated promotion of the "Four Comprehensives" strategic layout.

Establish a political and organizational framework for cultural heritage protection; Second, important documents such as party congress reports at all levels, government work reports, and medium-and long-term plans for economic and social development all deploy cultural heritage protection as an important content.

Party and government organizations at all levels at the state, provinces, cities and counties have formulated and implemented the State Council Notice on Strengthening the Protection of Cultural Heritage "Guo Fa [2005] No.

42)," Opinions of the General Office of the State Council on Strengthening the Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritage in my Country "Guo Ban Fa [2005] No.

18),"Opinions on Implementing the Inheritance and Development Project of Excellent Chinese Traditional Culture 2017)" and "China National and Folk Traditional Culture Protection Project" 2003),"Intangible Cultural Heritage Inheritance and Development Project" 2019),"Chinese Excellent Traditional Art Inheritance and Development Plan" 2015),"China Traditional Arts Revitalization Plan" 2017),"China National Opera Inheritance and Development Plan" 2017), A large number of important policies and major intangible cultural heritage protection activities, such as the "Quyi Inheritance and Development Plan" 2019), have made top-level designs for intangible cultural heritage protection, pointed out the direction, clarified the content and requirements, and provided policy guarantees; the third is to clarify the culture An important responsibility of the department is to "be responsible for the protection of intangible cultural heritage and promote the protection, inheritance, popularization, promotion and revitalization of intangible cultural heritage." The national cultural department has established the Intangible Cultural Heritage Department, and the cultural departments of governments at all levels of provinces, cities and counties have added intangible cultural heritage administrative agencies and intangible cultural heritage protection centers to be responsible for specific work, effectively ensuring the implementation and promotion of protection work; The fourth is to actively carry out legislative protection work, formally promulgate and implement the "Law of the People's Republic of China on the Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritage" at the national level starting from 2011, and formulate and implement a series of local protection regulations on intangible cultural heritage protection at the provincial, municipal and county levels.

Provide strong legal protection for intangible cultural heritage protection; The fifth is to actively build a stable and sustained financial support mechanism.

The central and local governments have increased financial investment, established a subsidy system for intangible cultural heritage inheritors, and implemented financial support and guarantees; the sixth is to actively integrate and absorb social forces to extensively participate in protection work, and establish "China Intangible Cultural Heritage Protection Association" 2013),"China Intangible Cultural Heritage Protection Alliance" 2015) and other social organizations promote all sectors of society to play an active role in protection work.

2.

Start with the census, find out the family background, establish files and establish cards, and do basic work.

my country's intangible cultural heritage is diverse and diverse in forms, scattered among the people, hidden in the mountains, and difficult to estimate.

Clarifying the situation, finding out the family background, distinguishing categories, and recognizing the status are important prerequisites for scientific policy implementation and precise protection.

To this end, the state has determined the priorities, principles, objects, and methods of the census work, transferred key personnel for theoretical and professional training, and carried out a comprehensive, systematic, in-depth and meticulous national census of intangible cultural heritage from 2005 to 2009.

By 2010,"According to incomplete statistics, a total of about 800 million yuan has been invested in the census in various places.

More than 220,000 people from the national cultural system participated in the census, more than 2.77 million people participated in the census, more than 71,000 census symposiums were held, and more than 1.15 million folk artists were visited.

About 290,000 precious objects and materials were collected.

The census recorded text reached 9.96 million words, 234,000 hours of audio recording, and 183,000 hours of camera recording.

More than 4.774 million pictures were taken, more than 142,000 census materials were compiled, and a total of more than 970,000 intangible cultural heritage resources were collected." Through a systematic and complex census, a large number of precious intangible cultural heritage projects hidden in the mountains and countryside have been newly discovered, and the cultural habitats, regional distribution, types and categories, quantity and quality, existing problems, endangered status, etc.

of intangible cultural heritage across the country have been basically grasped.

Some intangible cultural heritage and inheritors have been preserved and their content and form protected, starting the construction of a database and laying a solid foundation for the scientific and effective protection of intangible cultural heritage.

3.

Build a directory, establish a system, and implement a hierarchical protection system.

The representative list is an important system and model for cultural heritage protection.

The Convention for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage adopted by UNESCO in 1972 proposed the concept and protection model of the "World Heritage List"; in 1992, the "Memory of the World List" was established; The 1997 resolution "Declaring Outstanding Representatives of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity""also aims to encourage governments, non-governmental organizations and local communities to carry out activities to identify, protect and utilize their oral and intangible heritage, because this heritage is the custodian of the collective memory of peoples, and only it can ensure the perpetuation of cultural identity; The purpose of the declaration is also to encourage individuals, groups, institutions or organizations to make outstanding contributions...

to the management, protection, preservation or utilization of relevant oral and intangible heritage in accordance with UNESCO's goals." The Convention for the Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritage was adopted in October 2003, formally stipulating the establishment of a list of representative intangible cultural heritage works.

The purpose is to expand the influence of intangible cultural heritage, raise awareness of its importance and respect cultural diversity.

In 2005, an important document on the protection of intangible cultural heritage in my country, the "Opinions of the General Office of the State Council on Strengthening the Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritage in my Country", Guo Ban Fa [2005] No.

18) clearly proposed to "establish a directory system and gradually form an intangible cultural heritage with China characteristics." requirements.

Through efforts, a five-level protection list system at the world, country, province, city and county levels has been officially established, and protection standards, evaluation systems, systems and review procedures for various types of intangible cultural heritage projects at all levels have been formulated, and significant progress and remarkable results have been made.

As of 2018, China has selected 40 items on the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage List, including Kunqu Opera Art 2001), Guqin Art 2002), and Tibetan Medicine Medicine Bath Method 2018), ranking first in the world in the number; Through four applications and reviews in 2006518), 2008510), 2011191), and 2014153), the total number of national-level intangible cultural heritage representative projects has reached 1372, covering ten categories including folk literature, music, dance, drama, folk art, acrobatics and competition, fine arts, handicrafts, traditional medicine, and folk customs.

"As of 2016, all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities have announced 11042 provincial-level intangible cultural heritage list projects, 36111 prefecture-level intangible cultural heritage list projects, and 88518 county-level intangible cultural heritage list projects." In June 2019, the Ministry of Culture and Tourism issued a notice to launch the fifth application for the national intangible cultural heritage list.

4.

Efforts will be made to build a team of inheritors, innovate inheritance mechanisms, and improve the inheritance system.

Inheritors are the most important creators, inheritors, protectors, users, possessors and developers of intangible cultural heritage.

They are the core elements and key subjects of inheritance and protection, and determine the success or failure of intangible cultural heritage protection.

To this end, first, in view of the characteristics of intangible cultural heritage, such as oral transmission, oral transmission, and active transformation, and the reality that most inheritors are getting older, living in difficulties, losing their lives and skills, and inheriting and dividing generations, we have implemented inheritors naming, inheritors education and training systems, inheritors living subsidies and other systems, and have established a protection mechanism for inheritors at the national, provincial, municipal, and county levels.

"As of 2018 so far, the Ministry of Culture has named and announced five batches of representative inheritors of national intangible cultural heritage with a total of 3068...

As of 2016, there are a total of 12294 representative inheritors of provincial intangible cultural heritage projects across the country, 38220 at the municipal level and 76842 at the county level." Efforts will be made to improve the cultural confidence, social status, professionalism, and life security of the inheritors, so that the inheritors can inherit with peace of mind, calmly inherit, and devote themselves to inheritance.

Second, a number of inheritance bases have been established to train and teach talents.

By 2016,"there are 8720 intangible cultural heritage training centers and exhibition halls across China." Through the exposure of the teaching base, hands-on teaching and real-world learning, the inheritance awareness and inheritance skills of a large number of young generations of inheritors have been effectively improved, laying a solid foundation for inheritance and protection.

Third, a series of training work such as the "China Intangible Cultural Heritage Inheritors Training Plan" has been organized and carried out nationwide, aiming to "help the inheritors strengthen their foundation, broaden their horizons, increase their education, enhance cultural confidence, and improve professional technical capabilities and sustainable development capabilities to improve the level of intangible cultural heritage protection and inheritance." "Since its implementation in 2015, the research and training program has received strong support and extensive participation from all walks of life.

More than 80 colleges and universities across the country held more than 390 sessions of training, study, and training, training 18,000 students.

Some provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government have launched research and training in their own regions, with the number of participants nationwide reaching 56,000." It is planned to expand 100 training units such as colleges and universities from 2018 to 2020, with 200 sessions per year, and the number of people participating in training each year is 20,000.

The implementation of this unified national action plan has played a very effective and positive role in effectively improving the mission awareness, cultural literacy, knowledge and skills, and innovation capabilities of the vast number of inheritors and relevant practitioners.

Fourth, we have further deepened and optimized the models and paths of family inheritance, apprentice inheritance, school inheritance, enterprise inheritance, and social inheritance of intangible cultural heritage, and the inheritance system and inheritance mechanism have been further developed and improved.

The fifth is to establish projects such as the "China Intangible Cultural Heritage Inheritors 'Salary Award" and the "China Intangible Cultural Heritage Protection Contribution Award" to commend and reward advanced representatives who have made outstanding contributions in intangible cultural heritage protection, and form a guidance and incentive mechanism., create a good social atmosphere.

5.

Reform and innovate, explore practice, and strive to build diversified protection models.

Based on the national protection strategic concept and the reality of the heavy tasks of intangible cultural heritage protection, all parts of the country have emancipated their minds, updated concepts, innovated concepts, boldly explored, actively innovated, and carried out new practices in intangible cultural heritage protection.

The first is to deepen the reform of the cultural management system, improve and improve the cultural heritage management system, and strive to promote the scientific, institutionalized and standardized management and protection of intangible cultural heritage.

The second is to introduce intangible cultural heritage into communities, campuses, classrooms, teaching materials and minds, Cultural Heritage Day starting in 2006 and changed to "Cultural and Natural Heritage Day" starting in 2017), Chengdu International Intangible Cultural Heritage Festival starting in 2007, held 7 times in 2019), China Intangible Cultural Heritage Expo Jinan, starting in 2010, held 5 times in 2018), Intangible Cultural Heritage Activity Week and Month) and other forms are carried out in various forms and a large number.

Vivid publicity and education activities have greatly improved the cultural consciousness, protection awareness, and civilization level of people of all ethnic groups, laying a good ideological foundation for the comprehensive and in-depth development of intangible cultural heritage protection.

Third, through exploration and innovation, we have built rescue protection, museum teaching hall cultural center protection, cultural ecological protection experimental area protection, legal protection, digital protection (Internet + technology + intangible cultural heritage), productive protection, performance protection, festival protection and other comprehensive, three-dimensional and diversified protection models such as protection, inheritance protection, and development protection.The fourth is to actively carry out international cooperation and exchange activities on intangible cultural heritage, jointly carry out inheritance and protection activities with relevant international organizations such as UNESCO and relevant countries, and jointly carry out application and protection work with neighboring countries.

In the form of "China Cultural Week","China Cultural Year" and "China Cultural Festival", etc., the United States, Britain, Germany, France, Italy, Russia, Japan, South Korea, India, Australia, Spain, Ireland and many other countries have carried out exhibitions and performances with intangible cultural heritage as an important content.

Yunnan alone has carried out the Lanmei Basin National Cultural Festival, the China-Myanmar Pakbo Carnival, the China-Laos-Vietnam Three Countries 'Losses Carnival, and the Manao Festival in border provinces, prefectures and counties.

Regional international cultural activities such as the Festival have effectively promoted the cooperation, dissemination, exchanges and mutual learning of intangible cultural heritage, and have been highly appreciated and recognized by UNESCO and countries around the world.

6.

Scientific utilization and creative transformation will help economic and social development.

From the perspective of genetics, the starting point and foothold of the creation, survival and development of intangible cultural heritage are all based on meeting and serving the material and spiritual needs and needs of mankind.

Therefore, the biggest and ultimate goal of intangible cultural heritage rescue, inheritance, protection and development is to meet needs, benefit mankind, serve society, and promote development under the premise of scientific development and reasonable utilization.

Based on this, the first is to focus on giving full play to the characteristics of intangible cultural heritage history, spreading culture, passing on skills, enlightening wisdom, and promoting spirit, and to focus on intangible cultural heritage publicity and education, so as to cultivate and improve the historical knowledge and survival of the general public, especially young students.

Skills, civilized literacy, ideological spirit, and create high-quality citizens; The second is to focus on giving full play to the identity aggregation function of intangible cultural heritage, promote the general public to enhance cultural confidence, national identity, and national identity, unite people's hearts, gather strength, integrate society, and promote national unity, border stability, ethnic unity, harmony among the people, and social harmony; The third is to focus on giving full play to the resource advantages of intangible cultural heritage, explore and implement creative transformation work, vigorously promote the development of the cultural tourism industry, vigorously carry out productive protection and creative transformation of cultural heritage in handicrafts, traditional art, traditional medicine, and traditional cooking, so that Yixing purple sand pottery, Jianchuan wood carving, Jianshui purple pottery, Heqing silverware, Bai tie-dyeing, Yi embroidery, Tibetan black pottery, Miao batik, Zhuang brocade, etc.

have gradually developed into important pillar industries in the area.

It has better promoted the optimization and transformation of local economic industries, developed and prosperous the economy, played an active role in winning the battle against poverty and building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, and made unique contributions to promoting comprehensive, healthy and sustainable economic and social development; Fourth, actively carry out relevant cultural and economic activities in conjunction with the implementation of the "Belt and Road" initiative.

For example, Shaanxi Province launched the "Special Action to Promote Intangible Cultural Heritage in the Silk Road Economic Belt", Gansu Province held the "Silk Road Dunhuang) International Cultural Expo", and Fujian held the "Belt and Road 'Intangible Cultural Heritage Exhibition" to promote the integration of intangible cultural heritage with national strategies and play a unique role; Fifth, actively explore the "intangible cultural heritage + poverty alleviation" poverty alleviation model, vigorously promote the construction of intangible cultural heritage poverty alleviation employment workshops, and establish 44 intangible cultural heritage poverty alleviation employment workshops across the country by the end of 2018 to help people in poverty-stricken areas master skills, improve their capabilities, and accurately lift themselves out of poverty., played an active role in the country's resolute victory in the battle against poverty.

7.

Deepen research, cultivate talents, and strive to provide intellectual and talent support for the protection of cultural heritage.

Paying attention to the guidance of theory on practice is an important feature of intangible cultural heritage protection in China.

To this end, the first is to study and draft important initiatives such as the Chengdu Declaration 2007), Wuhan Declaration 2007), Beijing Declaration 2015), and the Declaration of the 13th World Intangible Cultural Heritage Cities Cooperation Organization China Summit 2017) on intangible cultural heritage protection, form new consensus and ideas on intangible cultural heritage protection, promote China's thoughts, concepts, determinations, and visions of intangible cultural heritage protection to the world, popularize knowledge, and inspire wisdom to promote action.

The second is to focus on the construction of intangible cultural heritage disciplines in domestic universities and scientific research institutes to promote the formation of distinctive advantages in the direction of intangible cultural heritage disciplines and drive academic team building, scientific research, and base platforms.

Cultural heritage publicity and education work is carried out in primary and secondary schools and kindergartens across the country.

Some outstanding ethnic heritage such as traditional music, dance and traditional handicrafts are arranged into inter-class exercises and art and craft courses in some primary and secondary schools and kindergartens.

Some colleges and universities have established Intangible cultural heritage based on service needs.

Admissions and teaching are carried out in relevant directions and majors.

The introduction of intangible cultural heritage into schools, classrooms, and teaching materials is carried out in depth and has achieved practical results.

A group of people with cutting-edge theories, basic knowledge, High-level professional talents with professional skills.

Third, a large number of intangible cultural heritage research institutions such as the "China Intangible Cultural Heritage Protection Center" have been established in relevant universities and scientific research institutes, carried out systematic and in-depth research work, and produced a group of experts and scholars on intangible cultural heritage research., established a number of international, national, provincial, municipal and county research projects on intangible cultural heritage research, and produced 318 volumes of the "Collection of Ten National Folk Literature and Art "),"National Intangible Cultural Heritage List","Graphic Collection of China Intangible Cultural Heritage" and "China Festival Log" have a total of 200 volumes),"Complete Works of China Traditional Crafts"(20 volumes),"Introduction to Intangible Cultural Heritage"(Wang Wenwen) and a large number of research results with the main content, such as academic works, teaching materials, academic papers, research reports, consultation reports, protection plans, and achievement awards, have provided good theoretical guidance and intellectual support for the protection of intangible cultural heritage.

Professional support role.

Fourth, relevant government departments, universities, and scientific research institutes held a series of academic seminars on intangible cultural heritage protection, which deepened research, discussed problems, prospered academia, created an atmosphere, produced results, guided practice, and promoted protection.

Through 20 years of exploration, practice and hard work, the concept of "intangible cultural heritage" has gone through a process from strangeness and difficulty to acceptance, familiarity and love in China.

Intangible cultural heritage protection has become the will of the party and the country and the consensus of the whole people.

It has gone through the process of reaffirming reporting for heavy protection, single project protection to overall protection, and from objects to people.

It has become a cultural and social undertaking with a wide range of aspects, long-term sustainability, great social impact, and many achievements.

This is related to the country's economic construction over the past 20 years.

The achievements made in cultural prosperity, scientific and technological progress, social development, enhanced comprehensive national strength, and enhanced international status are consistent.

3) Problems existing in the protection of intangible cultural heritage in China

China attaches great importance to the protection of intangible cultural heritage, has made active efforts, and has achieved remarkable progress and results, but there are still the following difficulties and problems: First, there is insufficient understanding of the importance, urgency, complexity, long-term and scientific nature of intangible cultural heritage protection, and the government's strong leading role has not been fully exerted.

Intangible cultural heritage protection has not been well integrated into the overall layout of the development of government undertakings at all levels across the country.

Protection planning is missing, protection subjects and inheritance subjects are unclear, multi-faceted management, competing for interests, shifting responsibilities, or inaction, or disorderly actions., emphasizing declaration over management, emphasizing development over protection.

Second, the inheritors are seriously divided between generations, and the development of intangible cultural heritage is facing the dilemma of death and death.

The main manifestations are: the data filing work of some representative inheritors of intangible cultural heritage projects has not been completed well; the inheritors are old and small in number, and are easy to pass away; inheritance is difficult and there are few successors.

Some traditional skills have high requirements on learners, such as artistic talent, difficult techniques, long-term learning, high cost, and long period of effect, which has led to many young people being discouraged.

Third, the construction of the rule of law lags behind, and the legal system for intangible cultural heritage protection still needs to be improved.

The "Law of the People's Republic of China on the Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritage" has been promulgated and implemented, but the relevant legal construction of domestic governments at all levels has not yet been fully kept up with and put in place.

The regulations on the protection of unique intellectual property rights are unclear, and there are many legal gaps.

Fourth, the cultural ecology has been seriously mutated and the intangible cultural heritage living environment has deteriorated.

The cultural and ecological environment for intangible cultural heritage survival has changed rapidly, resources and materials have been seriously lost, and the intangible cultural heritage attached to the production and life of traditional agricultural economy has changed due to changes in livelihoods and lifestyles, losing the foundation for survival.

Fifth, funding investment is seriously insufficient, which greatly restricts the progress of inheritance and protection.

There is a large investment gap in cultural heritage protection at all levels across the country.

The vast majority of states, cities, counties, townships) have no special funds for cultural heritage protection.

Cultural heritage protection infrastructure and equipment are seriously insufficient.

Financial investment at all levels in the country, provinces, cities, counties, townships is limited and a drop in the bucket.

A social fund investment mechanism has not yet been formed.

The serious lack of funds has greatly restricted the development of private inheritance and protection activities.

Sixth, theoretical research lags behind and intellectual support is seriously insufficient.

There are insufficient intangible cultural heritage research institutions and teams across the country, and existing academic institutions and researchers have failed to fully play their due role in actual protection work; the intangible cultural heritage discipline system has not yet been formed, and the theory lags behind, failing to meet the actual needs of intangible cultural heritage protection.

Seventh, creative transformation and innovative development are still in the initial and exploratory stage.

Transformation models, innovative methods, product design, and marketing promotion are not yet mature and formed.

The sound operation and coordinated development mechanism for scientific utilization and innovative development have not yet been formed, and distortions are still in place., abusive, and destructive development and utilization still exist, and there is still a big gap between scientific utilization, innovative development, and maximizing the benefit of the people.

3.

China's experience in the protection of intangible cultural heritage

As a world cultural movement, intangible cultural heritage protection has been actively responded to and actively carried out in China, and has achieved remarkable achievements.

This is inseparable from the great importance and strong promotion of the party and the country.

It is also closely related to the active participation of management departments at all levels and the vast number of managers, inheritors, practitioners, experts and scholars, exploring practice, and reforming and innovating.

It is both necessary and valuable to sum up experience and gain inspiration.

1) Party and government leadership, participation by all parties, top-level design, comprehensive implementation, and strong promotion have always been the political guarantee for the development and advancement of cultural undertakings such as intangible cultural heritage protection.

Adhering to the party's strong leadership and concentrating efforts on major issues has always been an important manifestation and feature of the superiority of our country's socialist system.

Based on the fact that historical, ethnic and regional cultures are diverse, rich and diverse, and precious in value, the five national series of ethnic issues launched in the early 1950s, the compilation of the "China Ethnic and Folk Culture Integration Chronicle" started in 1979, and the China Ethnic and Folk Culture Protection Project launched in 2003 are all major intangible cultural heritage protection activities organized and carried out at the national level.

After joining the Convention for the Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritage, the state passed important documents such as the "Opinions on Strengthening the Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritage in my Country"(National Measures [2005] No.

18) to further clarify the significance, goals and tasks of intangible cultural heritage protection., principles, mechanisms and paths have carried out a top-level design for deepening the national intangible cultural heritage protection, established a target system, formulated a master plan, overall coordination, highlighted key points, and implemented step by step.

The Party and the country and party committees and governments at all levels attach great importance to it, unify thinking, deepen understanding, strengthen leadership, regard intangible cultural heritage protection as an important development task in positioning design and deployment arrangements in medium-and long-term planning and annual work, and regularly listen to and study intangible cultural heritage protection work, actively build "government-led, social participation, clarify responsibilities, and form synergy; The working mechanism of long-term planning, step-by-step implementation, integration of points and aspects, and emphasis on practical results "establishes a system of intangible cultural heritage protection work meetings at all levels, regularly holds intangible cultural heritage protection work meetings at all levels, deploys work, summarizes experience, exchanges training, and commends advanced, promotes work to ensure that intangible cultural heritage protection becomes a major action that reflects the will of the country rather than an optional civil act, and provides a solid political, ideological, organizational and policy guarantee for fully promoting the rescue and protection of intangible cultural heritage across the country.

2) Deepening publicity and education, enhancing cultural consciousness, and strengthening cultural self-confidence are not only necessary ideological guides, but also important goals and tasks.

Thoughts are the precursor of action.

To this end, party committees and governments at all levels must increase policy publicity and knowledge popularization on intangible cultural heritage through various media and means, so that the general public can naturally and consciously accept, recognize, become familiar with and love intangible cultural heritage; The second is to vigorously promote the introduction of intangible cultural heritage into communities, campuses, classrooms, and teaching materials, strengthen intangible cultural heritage education in schools at all levels, middle schools, primary schools and children, promote the inheritance of China's excellent cultural genes on campus, and make the awareness of intangible cultural heritage protection from childhood Rooted in the hearts of the general public; The third is to actively carry out "Cultural Heritage Day","Cultural Heritage Protection Month","Intangible Cultural Heritage Festival","Intangible Cultural Heritage Achievements Exhibition","Intangible Cultural Heritage Inheritance Skills Exhibition","Intangible Cultural Heritage Lectures" and "Intangible Cultural Heritage Special cultural activities such as" Heritage Protection Training "to enhance people's feelings for intangible cultural heritage and the professional knowledge of practitioners; Fourth, deepen the construction of cultural heritage disciplines and related subject research to provide theoretical guidance and intellectual support for intangible cultural heritage protection; The fifth is to explore the integration of innovative intangible cultural heritage with film and television, digital media, online audio-visual, animation and games, creative design, etc., strive to expand the inheritance and dissemination channels of intangible cultural heritage, and produce CCTV's "Chinese Folk Songs Conference" and "Chinese Opera Conference"."China Poetry Conference","China on the Bite of China" and "Inheritance", and local TV stations '"Inheritors","Extraordinary Craftiness" and "National Beauty and Fragrance" and a large number of excellent multimedia programs that demonstrate the connotation and charm of intangible cultural heritage.

It has aroused the strong interest of the broad masses of the people, especially the younger generation, generated great responses, and won high praise; Sixth, actively carry out publicity, education, declaration, inheritance, protection, and utilization of intangible cultural heritage with UNESCO and other countries around the world, and actively support national festivals, handicrafts, ethnic medicine, food and cooking with China symbols, traditional martial arts, traditional art, music and dance, etc.

to countries around the world, increase exchanges and cooperation, spread excellent Chinese traditional culture to the world, convey the Chinese nation's harmonious values, and attach importance to the positive energy and good image of the Chinese nation.

Better promote exchanges, integration and mutual learning among various civilizations.

3) Giving full play to the main role and building a mechanism in which the inheritors 'inheritance subjects and leaders, managers, practitioners, experts, scholars, and audience protection subjects are diversified and work together is the foundation and key to intangible cultural heritage protection.

Historical development has proved that people are the main body of world development.

Only when people's consciousness, enthusiasm, subjectivity, initiative and creativity are fully exerted can intangible cultural heritage protection be effectively promoted and practical results be achieved.

To this end, first, we must give full play to the main role of "people" as leaders of the party committee, government and relevant management departments, so that protection can be achieved with half the effort and smoothly advanced; Second, we must focus on innovating the selection and training mechanism of inheritors, solve the main problem of inheritors, the most important and core "people", broaden the channels for inheritors to study, educate, and train in colleges and universities and other schools, and improve the inheritors Quality, level and skills, improve the naming and management system of cultural inheritors at the national, provincial, municipal and county levels, continuously improve the level of inheritance subsidies for inheritors, solve the livelihood problems of inheritors, and effectively improve the social status of inheritors.

Formulate inheritance plans, create teaching venues, provide teaching funds, and allocate teaching equipment, and vigorously support inheritors to carry out teaching activities and innovate inheritance methods; Third, we must effectively solve the main problems of "people" such as relevant practitioners and audiences, so that They can benefit while feeding back the protection of intangible cultural heritage.

They cannot eat the food of their ancestors and cut off the food of their descendants, so as to ensure the healthy inheritance, effective protection, scientific development, and rational utilization of intangible cultural heritage; Fourth, we must actively give full play to the main role of experts and scholars as the main body of "human beings" in cultural research, knowledge innovation, theoretical exploration, and think tank assistance, and continuously improve the theoretical, scientific and professional level of intangible cultural heritage protection.

4) Following laws, scientific exploration, and innovation-driven are the source of power and fundamental path for intangible cultural heritage protection.

Based on complex reasons such as history and reality, location and transportation, ideas and concepts, economy and society, education and culture, many parts of the country are facing severe problems such as ideological isolation, weak foundation, lagging development, small economic volume, and high degree of intangible cultural heritage endangerment.

It has brought unimaginable difficulties and difficulties to cultural construction and cultural heritage protection, forcing the country and party committees and governments at all levels, especially cultural departments and cultural practitioners, to learn from the pain, think about change when poverty is poor, and develop innovatively.China, eager to get rid of difficulties, constantly emancipate their minds, change their concepts, and use the courage and courage to be the first in the world to embark on a new path of inheritance and protection through exploration, trial, reform and innovation.

They correctly handle the multiple dialectical relationships between government and the people, people and heritage, heritage and ecology, tradition and modernity, closure and openness, static and dynamic, inheritance and development, inheritance and innovation, protection and utilization, and actively carry out the naming and funding system of inheritors, and strive to establish the world, country, The five-level protection list system of provinces, cities and counties has actively promoted the establishment of cultural heritage management agencies, and has built dynamic and three-dimensional protection systems and models for intangible cultural heritage rescue protection, museum study hall protection, cultural ecological zone protection, legal protection, digital protection, and production through innovative exploration.

Protection, performance protection, inheritance protection, and development protection, actively applying for the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage List and creating top brands.

Effectively give full play to the role of supervision and correction mechanisms to achieve tangible results in intangible cultural heritage protection.

5) Scientific development and rational utilization to effectively promote the role of intangible cultural heritage in economic and social progress and the all-round development of people.

To this end, we must scientifically promote the creative transformation and innovative development of intangible cultural heritage, and cannot be developed in disorder, distorted and abused, or exhausted.

Scientific design, step-by-step development, rational utilization, supervision and restraint, curb distorted, rampant, excessive and destructive development, and ensure creative transformation and innovative development of intangible cultural heritage; Deeply explore and give full play to its functions and roles in carrying history, identity cohesion, education and cultivation, entertainment and aesthetics, cultural prosperity, social integration, and resource guidance, achieve the great prosperity and development of socialist culture, promote people's happiness, social harmony, and the country Prosperity, build a harmonious and beautiful spiritual home for people of all ethnic groups in the country and a community with a shared future for the Chinese nation; Deeply explore its material and symbolic connotations, cultivate its capital elements, give full play to its cultural capital role, expand and strengthen tourism by tapping cultural connotations, highlighting national characteristics, creating theme parks, carrying out festival activities, etc., and cultivate and develop economic industries through traditional handicrafts, traditional art, traditional medicine, traditional cooking and many other ethnic handicrafts.

Explore and implement new paths such as "Internet +","Intangible Cultural Heritage +","Project + Inheritor + Base","Inheritor + Association","Company + Farmers", and continuously innovate new formats for cultural development, through performing arts, imaging, animation, publishing, etc.

Vigorously develop cultural industries, better promote the adjustment of industrial structure and the transformation of economic development methods, and maximize the comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development of the economy and society.

The achievement of these achievements and the benefits of the general public fully prove that doing a good job in intangible cultural heritage protection is conducive to solving the contradiction between the people's growing needs for a better life and unbalanced and inadequate development in the new era, and is conducive to the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and the construction of a modern and powerful socialist country.

6) Improving diversified investment and financing mechanisms and increasing funding investment and support are important guarantees for the smooth implementation of intangible cultural heritage protection.

Strong financial support is needed for all aspects such as intangible cultural heritage protection data collection, video production, book publishing, publicity and promotion, event holding, equipment configuration, facility improvement, inheritance and development, and investigation and research.

To this end, the first is to learn from the practices of Britain, Germany, France, Italy, Japan and other countries.

The state and governments at all levels, as the main investors, clarify the investment budget for intangible cultural heritage in the annual fiscal budget to ensure investment in cultural heritage; The second is to learn from the main practices of the United States and other countries, and actively guide, encourage, attract, and support financial institutions, enterprises, social groups, individuals and other social forces to support through capital contributions, donations, etc.; The third is to formulate preferential policies to extract protection funds from the income of tourism, catering, accommodation, transportation and other related industries, actively strive for financial investment and support from cultural heritage-related enterprises, practitioners, and audiences, build a diversified investment and financing system, and lay a solid foundation.

Financial support, support and guarantee.

(This article was published in "Folk Customs Research", No.

1, 2020.

The annotations are omitted.

See the original issue for details)