Buyi customs
The Buyi people are a large ethnic minority in southwest China. Before liberation, the Buyi people were known as "Zhongjia","Shuihu","Yi","Tubian","Local","Roujia", etc. In 1953, representatives of the Buyi ethnic group from all over Guizhou Province formally used "Buyi" as the name of their ethnic group through consultations. The Buyi people mainly live in the two Buyi and Miao autonomous prefectures of Qiannan and Southwest Guizhou in Guizhou Province and the departmental areas of Guizhou, Yunnan and Sichuan Province. There are more than 2.54 million people (the fourth census of teeth in 1990).
The Buyi people are a branch of the "Baiyue" in ancient China, and their speech belongs to the Zhuang-Dai branch of the Zhuang-Dong language group of the Sino-Tibetan family. In the past, there was no national writing and writing, and Chinese has always been practiced. In 1956, the people's authorities created the Latin alphabet Pinyin writing and writing for the Buyi people. The culture and art of the Buyi people are brilliant and colorful. Oral literature disseminated among the people includes myths, legends, stories, fables, proverbs and poems. Traditional dances include "Bronze Passion","Weaving Dance","Lion Dance","Sugar Bunny Dance", etc. Traditional musical instruments include suona, yueqin, dongxiao, wooden leaf, flute, etc. Local opera and lantern opera are popular operas among the Buyi people.
The Buyi people mainly focus on agriculture and mainly cultivate rice. Men prefer to wear double-pronged jackets, trousers, and headscarves, while women wear right-lapped jackets, trousers or pleated skirts, and soft silver bracelets, earrings, collars, etc. Buyi soil woven by farmers themselves has a long reputation. Over the past few years, companies specializing in the production of Buyi brocade, batik cloth and ethnic handicrafts have been established one after another, and their products have been exported to Southeast Asia, Japan and Western Europe.
The Buyi people like to live together near mountains and rivers. Usually, there are more than a dozen or dozens of households in a village, and there are hundreds to hundreds of households. The houses include "dry railing" buildings, bungalows and stone houses, the most distinctive one is the stone houses.
The Buyi people respect their ancestors, mainly believing in polytheism and natural reverence, and some believe in God and Christianity. In addition to the Spring Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, and Mid-Autumn Festival, traditional festivals include "February 2","March 3","April 8","Ox King Festival", etc. The most cautious festival is "June 6" in the summer calendar.
The biggest festival of the year for the Buyi people is the New Year (Spring Festival). From New Year's Eve to the 15th. Before New Year's Eve, we must kill New Year pigs, pound glutinous rice cakes, and prepare various vegetables. The Buyi people in Yunnan have the custom of eating fasting from the New Moon to the third day of the third lunar month; the Buyi people in Sichuan must eat chicken porridge every New Year's Eve or the New Moon. People call it blood rice porridge. This custom originated from the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, when the Buyi people in Guizhou deliberately tried to escape officers and soldiers. Then each person cut the chicken into pieces and cooked it with the blood rice into porridge. The men and women in the village had the last reunion meal, and they rushed to each other and agreed to wait for an opportunity to meet each other in the future. Only when you can tell the source of chicken porridge can you recognize your family. Each surname has a different pre-meal ceremony, and the pre-meal ceremonies on both sides that recognize each other must be exactly the same.
There are many entertainment activities to be held during the New Year's Day. Every year, a "flower dancing party" is held from the first day of the first month to the 21st day. The "flower dancing party" is a social event for young men and women. It is limited and grand, with more than a thousand people involved. Many unmarried young men and women contract their lives by blowing wooden leaves and singing songs, and then the men ask a matchmaker to come to the woman's house to discuss marriage. Once engaged, the wife's family invites relatives and friends to eat engagement wine. Two to three days before marriage, the man's family must deliver half of the pork, a rooster and duck, and a pot of water to the woman's family. The woman's family must also kill pigs and hold a "wedding wine" to wait for relatives to be picked up. In the past, a bride had to live in a foreign home for one or two years after getting married before moving into her husband's home.
When the Buyi people in Guizhou receive weddings and funerals, they like to use scalpers as food. The Buyi people are open-minded and hospitable, characterized by the fact that during the Maple Leaf Festival on February 3rd (or March 13th) every year, many Buyi people use various plant pigments such as maple leaves to dye glutinous rice into colorful colors and make glutinous rice to entertain guests and distribute it to relatives and friends. The Buyi people like to drink alcohol, and later they like to treat guests with wine. No matter how much the guests drink, as long as the guests arrive, they always give priority to wine, which is called "Welcome Wine". When drinking, use a bowl instead of a cup, and you have to obey orders, punch and sing. If guests or close relatives such as aunts and aunts, you will also be treated with dog sand to show your respect.
In the Wangmo area of Guizhou, dogs are killed on the third day of March every year for the holidays. The Buyi people used to believe in primitive natural reverence, and held memorial ceremonies every year on festivals. The sacrifices to the elderly's house (village god) are the most cautious. In the second month of the summer calendar, the festival is held on the rabbit day or the tiger day. Each household must sacrifice eggs and pork to the god. After the sacrifice, the whole village will have a meal on the spot to hope for a bumper harvest and ensure the safety of the whole village. The main delicacies include: Libo wind pig, hydrochloric acid, dog enema, moss frozen meat, sesame oil cake, etc. Libo Feng Pig is pickled and air-dried from piglets. It is known as the "Kitchen Treasure and has a history of more than a hundred years.
