Customs and customs of 56 ethnic groups in China

1. Mongolian

The Mongolian people are a nation with a long history and full of legends. They live a nomadic life of "migrating by water and grass". Most of the grasslands in China have left the footprints of Mongolian herdsmen, so they are known as the "proud son of the grassland." The "Nadam" Conference is held every year in July and August when the livestock are fat. It is a traditional festival with a long history of the Mongolian people. It is a cultural, sports and entertainment conference held by people to celebrate a bumper harvest. The "Nadam" conference included thrilling horse racing and wrestling, admirable archery, chess skills to compete for the strength, and fascinating songs and dances, showing the unique characteristics of the grassland people.

2. Hui nationality

Hui is the abbreviation of Hui nationality. In the 13th century, a large number of Muslims moved from Central Asia to China and integrated with the local Han, Uyghur, Mongolian, etc. Over the long historical process, the Hui nationality gradually formed through intermarriage and other factors. The Hui folk festival Eid al-Fitr (also known as Rouzi Festival), also known as the Da Eid al-Fitr. Every year, the origin of Hiji means that Ramadan is the ninth month of the Islamic calendar. All Hui men 12 years old and women over 9 years old in health should fast. After liberation, the State Council designated Eid al-Fitr as a legal holiday for the Hui people.

3. Miao nationality

The Miao people have a long history of music and dance, and arts and crafts such as flower-picking, embroidery, brocade, batik, and jewelry making are internationally renowned. The ancestors of the Miao people can be traced back to the Chiyou tribe, which was active in the Central Plains during the primitive social era. In the past, the Miao people believed that all things had spirits, worshipped nature, and worshipped their ancestors. There are many festivals. In addition to traditional New Year festivals and sacrificial festivals, there are also festivals specifically related to food. There are many festivals in the Miao nationality, but the names and customs methods vary from region to region. The Miao Year is the most solemn traditional festival.

4. Dai nationality

The Dai people are a ethnic group with a long history. As far back as the 1st century AD, there were records of the Dai people in Chinese historical books. After 1949, it was named "Dai" in accordance with the wishes of the Dai people. The Dai people call themselves "Dai Le","Dai Ya", etc. Dai people generally believe in Hinayana Buddhism, and many festivals are related to Buddhist activities. The Water-Splashing Festival, held in June of the Dai calendar every year, is the largest festival. This festival is called "Sangkan Bimai" in Dai language. At that time, the Buddha will be worshipped and a big banquet will be held to entertain monks, relatives and friends, and congratulate each other by splashing water. Now, because water-splashing activities are the main content of the Dai New Year's festivals, this activity is deeply loved by people of all ethnic groups.

5. Lisu ethnic group

The Lisu people were called "Li Su" in the Tang Dynasty. The Lisu people first lived in the Jinsha River Basin at the junction of Sichuan and Yunnan. Due to war and other reasons, they gradually moved to the Nujiang River area in western Yunnan and settled down. On June 11, 1985, Weixi Lisu Autonomous County in Yunnan was established. Festivals: The main festivals include the Long Season (December 20, equivalent to the Spring Festival of the Han nationality), Torch Festival, Harvest Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival, Bath Party Festival, Knife Bar Festival, etc. The "Knife Bar Festival" held every year on the eighth day of the second month of the lunar calendar is exciting. It is said that the knife bar is set up to give the Lisu people the spirit of "daring to climb the sword mountain and daring to venture into the sea of fire."

6. Tibetan

Tibetan is the name in Chinese. Xizang is called "Bo" in Tibetan, and Tibetans living here call themselves "Bo". Known as the "Roof of the World", Xizang is beautiful and magical. It is the main settlement of Tibetans. Among the existing population of more than 1.3 million, Tibetans account for 95%. It is one of the ancient ethnic groups in China. Tibetans generally believe in Tibetan Buddhism, or Lamaism. In the past, many traditional days were related to religious activities. Tibetan folk festivals include the Tibetan New Year, Butter Lantern Festival, Bathing Buddha Festival, etc. The largest traditional Tibetan folk festival is the Tibetan calendar year on the first day of the first month of the Tibetan calendar every year.

7. Zhuang nationality

The Zhuang nationality is the most populous among the ethnic minorities in China and an indigenous ethnic group in Lingnan. There are more than 20 self-proclaimed names such as "Buzhuang","Butu","Bunong" and "Buyayi". After the founding of New China, they were collectively referred to as the "Zhuang nationality" and later changed to "Zhuang nationality." Zhuang brocade, together with Nanjing's Yun brocade, Chengdu's Shu brocade, and Suzhou's Song brocade, are called "the four famous brocades in China." The Zhuang people believed in primitive religions and sacrificed sacrifices to their ancestors, while some people believed in Catholicism and Christianity. Famous festivals include the annual "March 3rd" Song Festival, etc. The most solemn festival is the Spring Festival, followed by the Ghost Festival on July 15th, the Qingming Festival on the Tomb, the Mid-Autumn Festival on August 15th, as well as the Dragon Boat Festival, Double Ninth, Tasting New, Winter Solstice, Ox Soul, Kitchen Delivery, etc.

8. Korean

The Korean ethnic group is mainly distributed in Jilin, Heilongjiang and Liaoning Province. Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture is the main inhabited area. The ancestors of the Korean people were the Korean people who moved from the Korean Peninsula to northeastern China. There are five major festivals among the Korean people, which are still celebrated solemnly today. These five major festivals are: Yuan Day (Spring Festival), Shang Yuan (Lantern Festival), Cold Food (Qingming Festival), Dragon Boat Festival, and Autumn Festival. The Korean people have a long tradition of respecting the elderly. As early as the Li Chao Dynasty (1392-1910), September 9th was designated as the Comfort Day for the Elderly every year.

9. Gaoshan ethnic group

The Gaoshan people are the collective name for ethnic minorities in Taiwan Province, including more than ten ethnic groups. The name "Gaoshan Ethnic Group" is the general name given by China to the ethnic groups in Taiwan Province after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War in 1945. Gaoshan ethnic areas cover a large area of forest and are known as the "treasure house of forests". There are many festivals for the Gaoshan people. Most of their traditional festivals have a strong religious color. "Harvest Festival" is also known as "Harvest Festival","Harvest Festival","Harvest Festival", etc., which is equivalent to the Spring Festival of the Han people and is the most grand festival of the Gaoshan ethnic group.

10. Naxi people

The ancient Qiang people who originally nomadic in the Yellow River and Huangshui valleys of Qinghai Province moved south to southwestern Sichuan and northwest Yunnan, and divided into different ethnic groups, including the Naxi people. "Na" means great or noble, and "West" means human beings. The Mosuo people of the Naxi nationality in Lijiang believe in gods, worship nature, and believe that everything in heaven and earth is dominated by gods. Every year, the "Mountain Turning Festival" is held on the 25th day of the seventh month of the lunar calendar, which is a public sacrificial celebration for people to worship natural entities.

11. Bulang nationality

The Bulang people are descendants of the ancient Pu people. In the Tang Dynasty, they were called "Puzi Man", and in the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, they were called "Pu Man". Due to the different areas they lived in, the former Bulang people had different calls themselves. After the founding of New China, they were collectively called the Bulang people according to the wishes of the nation. The Bulang people used to worship polygods and generally believed in Theravana Buddhism. Many traditional festivals were mostly related to religious activities. Among them, the most distinctive festivals and festivals are: New Year's Day, offering sacrifices to the village gods, washing cow feet, etc. Shankang Festival is the biggest festival of the Bulang people. It is held every year in mid-June of the Dai calendar, generally lasting three days.

12. Achang nationality

Most of the Achang people live in Yunnan and are one of the earliest inhabited ethnic groups in Yunnan, China. Due to different places of residence, there are also self-proclaimed "Mengsa","Mengsa Zen","Duissa","Hansa" and others. After liberation, they were collectively known as the Achang people. Huijie is a traditional gathering of the Achang people and is mostly held in the middle of September every year. The Achang people believe in Hinayana Buddhism, and the Hui Street was originally a religious gathering. The main religious festivals include entering the depression (closing the door), leaving the depression (opening the door), burning white firewood, and water-splashing festivals. In addition to religious festivals, there are many traditional festivals unique to the nation. Such as: Torch Festival, Wo Luo Festival, Water Flower Festival and Spring Festival.

13. Nu people

The Nu people are one of the ancient ethnic groups in Yunnan, mainly distributed in Yunnan Province. The Nu people call themselves "Nu","Anu" and "Along." They live intertwined with Lisu, Dulong, Tibetan, Bai, Han, Naxi and other ethnic groups. Traditional festivals of the Nu people include the New Year, the Flower Festival, and the Festival of Sacrifice to the Grain God and the Festival of Sacrifice to the Mountain Forest. Among them, the New Year festival has the strongest atmosphere, which is both grand and simple. Fairy Festival is a traditional folk festival for the Nu people in Gongshan, Yunnan Province. Also known locally as the Flower Festival, it is held on the 15th day of the third month of the lunar calendar every year.

14. Ewenki

The Ewenki people are mainly distributed in Heilongjiang Province and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in Northeast China. Ewenki is the name of the ethnic group, which means "people living in the mountains and forests." In the virgin forest of the Daxinganling Mountains at 52 degrees north latitude, there are still footprints and smoke from the Ewenki people. Their settlement is the Aoluguya Ewenki Hunter Village, known as the "Arctic Village". The Aobao Festival is a religious festival of the Ewenki people, but it also holds some cultural and sports activities, so it has a wide mass character. In addition to festivals such as the Spring Festival, which are similar to festivals of other ethnic groups, the Ewenki people also hold the "Mikuoqin" festival on a day in the late fifth month of the lunar calendar.

15. Oroqen

"Oroqen" is a national self-proclaimed name, and its meaning has two interpretations: one is "people living on the mountains" and the other is "people who use reindeer." Before the Qing Dynasty, people generally referred to the Oroqen people as the "Sauron Tribe","Daxiu Tribe" or "Shilu Tribe". After the founding of New China, they were collectively called the Oroqen people. Every year, June 18 is the traditional festival of the Oroqen ethnic group-Bonfire Festival. On this day, people in Oroqen light bonfires, sing and dance, and celebrate their own national festivals. There is also the custom of sending fire gods to heaven on the 23rd of the twelfth lunar month. The ancestors of Oroqen had an indissoluble bond with fire. They had special feelings for fire and were extremely close to the bonfire.

16. Hezhe nationality

The ancestors of the Hezhe nationality have thrived and lived in the Heilongjiang, Songhua and Wusuli River basins since ancient times. In history, there have been different names such as "Heijin","Heizhen","Hezhen","Qileng", and "Hezhe". After the founding of New China, the unified ethnic group was named Hezhe, which means people living in the "east" and the "lower reaches" of the river. River Lantern Festival is a traditional folk festival of the Hezhe people. Hezhe people, who have relied on fishing for a living for generations, have set off river lanterns and offered sacrifices to the river gods every year on July 15 of the lunar calendar to pray and wish the people peace and good fishing.

17. Menba

According to Tibetan historical records, the ancestors of the Menba people lived and lived in the Himalayas in southern Xizang very early. The Menba people mainly live in Medog, Nyingchi, Cuona and other counties in Xizang. "Menba" means the person living in the corner of the door. The Menba people follow the Tibetan calendar and have the same festivals as the Tibetans. During the festival, cattle and sheep are killed, rich wine and vegetables are prepared, and guests are entertained. It is said that the birth and death of Sajiamuni, the Buddha of Tibetan Buddhism, is on the 15th of the fourth month of the Tibetan calendar. In order to commemorate this day, all temples in the Menba area chanted scriptures and held various religious activities.

18. Bai nationality

They mainly live in Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, and the rest are distributed in various parts of Yunnan, Bijie City, Guizhou Province, and Liangshan Prefecture, Sichuan. The Bai people call themselves "Baihuo","Baini","Baizi", etc., which means "white" in Chinese. In 1956, it was officially named Bai according to the wishes of the people of this ethnic group. There are many traditional festivals of the Bai people. The "Sanyue Street", which has a history of thousands of years, is the largest annual festival of the Bai people. It is now named the "Sanyue Street Ethnic Festival". There are also ethnic festivals such as the "Torch Festival"(also known as the Star Festival).

19. Baoan people

The Baoan people are also known as "Baoanhui" because of their belief in Islam and customs that are slightly similar to those of the local Hui people. In 1950, according to the wishes of the people of the ethnic group, they were named Baoan. The Baoan people are mainly distributed in Gansu Province in northwest China. The Baoan people speak Chinese and believe in Islam. The famous Baoan Waist Knife has a history of more than 100 years and is especially popular among Tibetan people. The festivals of the Baoan people are the same as those of many ethnic groups who believe in Islam, such as Eid al-Fitr, Eid al-Adha, Holy Day, etc. Every family needs fried dumplings, oil dumplings, honey rings and oil fragrance.

20. Buyi

The Buyi people are a large ethnic minority in southwest China. Before liberation, the Buyi people were called "Zhongjia","Shuihu","Yi","Tubian","Local","Roujia", etc. In 1953, representatives of the Buyi ethnic group from all over Guizhou Province formally unified the use of "Buyi" as the name of their ethnic group after consultation. The Buyi people worship their ancestors and mainly believe in polytheism and nature worship. In addition to the Spring Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, and Mid-Autumn Festival, traditional festivals include "February 2","March 3","April 8", and "Ox King Festival". The most solemn festival is the "June 6" of the lunar calendar.

21. Daur people

The Daur people mainly live in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and Heilongjiang Province, and a few live in Tacheng County, Xinjiang. "Daur" means "pioneer". The family originated from Khitan. In the middle of the 17th century, in order to safeguard the unity of the motherland, this nation fired its first shot in armed resistance to the Russian invasion. The Daur people call the Spring Festival "Anie" and regard it as the biggest festival of the year. The 16th day of the first lunar month is the "Black and Gray Day". On this day, people smear each other's faces, believing that the darker they are, the more auspicious the new year is.

22. De 'ang people

(Broken Dragon Clan) The De 'ang people were originally named "Broken Dragon Clan". On September 17, 1985, it was officially renamed Deang with the approval of the State Council. "Bulong" is what he calls it. More than two-thirds of the people in each branch of the De 'ang tribe call themselves "De' ang", which means "Shiyan". The De 'ang people are one of the oldest ethnic groups among the existing residents in the southwest border. They lived on the west bank of the Nujiang River as early as the second century BC. The main traditional folk festivals of the De 'ang people include the Water-Splashing Festival, the Closing Festival, the Opening Festival, and the burning of white firewood, most of which are related to Buddhist activities. The De 'ang people also have sacrificial customs such as worshiping family halls, village gods, earth gods, dragons, and Gu Niang, among which the sacrifice to dragons is the most interesting.

23. Dongxiang Ethnic Group

The Dongxiang ethnic group was formed in the second half of the 14th century by the fusion of many different ethnic groups living in Dongxiang, mainly Hui and Mongolians who believed in Islam. They live in Gansu Province, and more than half of them live in Gansu Dongxiang Autonomous County. Dongxiang Eid al-Fitr, also known as the "Erde Festival", is a traditional folk festival of the Dongxiang people. According to Islamic regulations: September is the month of fasting every year in the Islamic calendar. The beginning and last day of this month are based on the new moon. The day after the fasting period expires is a festival. Therefore, it is both a national festival and a religious festival.

24. Dong nationality

The Dong nationality originated from "Luo Yue" in the Qin and Han Dynasties. After the Wei and Jin Dynasties, these tribes were widely called "Liao", and the Dong nationality was part of "Liao". Now it is mainly distributed in Guizhou, Hunan and other places. Believe in multiple gods and worship natural objects. Traditional Dong festivals have different dates in various places, and festival meals are often associated with banquet activities. The main festivals include Newlywed Festival, Bridge Bridge Festival, Ox Sacrifice Festival, Xinxin Festival, Fireworks Festival, etc. The Dong people like bullfighting, and every village raises a "Buffalo King" specially for competitions.

25. Dulong people

The Dulong people were once called "Qiu people" and "Qu people". After liberation, according to the wishes of the nation, it was renamed the Dulong nationality. It is now mainly inhabited in the Dulong Valley of Gongshan, Yunnan Province. In the middle of this century, the Dulong people were still in the stage of disintegration of the primitive commune, and women still advocated the custom of tattooing. The past religious beliefs of the Dulong people were still in the relatively primitive stage of nature worship or animism, and even the only New Year (Dulong language: Kaxiwa) was associated with religion. Kuquewa is held on a certain day in the twelfth lunar month of winter every year (the time varies from place to place), and the length of the festival is often determined by the amount of food prepared.

26. Russian

The Russians were a minority that gradually moved south from Tsar Russia to Xinjiang and other places in China after the 18th century. When the feudal warlord Sheng Shicai ruled Xinjiang, they were called the "Guihua nationality". After the founding of the People's Republic of China, it was renamed the Russian nationality. It is mainly scattered throughout Xinjiang, with a small number in Inner Mongolia, Heilongjiang and other places. The customs and habits of the Russians in China are basically the same as those of the Russians in the former Soviet Union. They believe in the Orthodox Church. The Russians attach great importance to traditional festivals, especially the celebration of "Easter" is the most solemn. One week before the festival, no meat is eaten, only vegetarian.

27. Hani

According to historical records, the Hani people, along with the Yi people and Lahu people, originated from the ancient Qiang people, and are now mainly distributed in southwest Yunnan. The Hani people claim to have many people. After the founding of New China, they were collectively called the Hani people.The Hani people believe in polygods and worship their ancestors. Traditional festivals mainly include "First Year's Eve Zhalt"(October) and "Eating Zazha"(May Festival). In addition, there are two small festivals: the "Planting Rice Festival"(also known as the "Yellow Rice Festival") and the Taxin Festival.

28. Kazakh

The Kazakh people have a long history. During the Western Han Dynasty, Wusun in the north of Tianshan Mountain was the ancestor of Kazak nationality. These eastward nomads were given the name Kazak, meaning "asylum seeker" or "deserter." Kazaks are mainly distributed in Xinjiang, and a few are distributed in Aksai, Gansu and Qinghai. Kazakhs used to believe in shamanism, and converted to islam around the eleventh century ad. The main festivals are the Gulbang Festival and the Rouzi Festival, as well as the "Nawrezi" Festival. The Kazakh people are hospitable and treat others sincerely. It is a traditional Kazakh etiquette to throw "Borshak" and sugar to welcome happy events.

29. Jino

The Jino people live in Jinuo Township, Jinghong County, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province and its nearby areas. The Jino people call themselves "Jino", which translates into "Youle" in Chinese. In 1979, it was officially identified by the State Council as the 55th ethnic minority in China. The Jino people used to believe in the primitive religion of animism, but the worship of ancestors dominated. Traditional festivals focus on the New Year, and the specific time is determined by each village, but most of them are held during the twelfth lunar month. Every year in September of the lunar calendar, the Jino people celebrate the annual New Rice Festival, which local people call it "Good Hope Morning".

30. Jing nationality

The Jing people mainly live on the three small islands of Jingwei, Wutou and Shanxin in Jiangping Township, Fangcheng Autonomous County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, which are known as the "Three Islands of the Jing Nationality." The Jing nationality historically called itself "Jing","Yue" or "Annan". In 1958, according to the will of the nation, it was officially named the Jing nationality with the approval of the State Council. The Jing people mainly believe in Taoism, while a minority believe in Catholicism. Traditional festivals include Spring Festival, Qingming Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival and Singing Festival. Among them, the most solemn and lively festival is the "Singing Festival"(Song Festival). Singing Hado is held in Hating, a building with a unique national style.

31. Jingpo Ethnic Group

The Jingpo people developed from part of the "Xunchuan" tribe in the Tang Dynasty. Modern documents are often called "mountain tops" and mainly live in the mountainous areas of counties in Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province. Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous County was established on July 24, 1953, and was changed to an autonomous prefecture in 1956. Munao Zong Ge (Munao Zong Ge) is a traditional festival for the Jingpo people to drive away evil and promote good deeds and wish good luck and happiness. It is generally held after the 15th day of the first lunar month and lasts for 2-3 days. In the legend of the Jingpo people, it was a large-scale song and dance event in which the sun in the sky gathered all things on the earth to participate. It spread from rhinoceros to the world, and later became the largest festival of the Jingpo people.

32. Kirgiz

"Kirgiz" is a national self-proclaimed name, and its meaning can be interpreted in many ways: "forty tribes","forty girls","mountain herders" or "grassland people". Most of the Kirgiz people live in Kizilsu Kirgiz Autonomous Prefecture in southern Xinjiang. The largest festival of the year of the Kirgiz people is Noroz Day. According to the Kirgiz calendar, each new moon appears once is a month, and twelve months are a year. Norozi Festival is celebrated when the first month of each year, similar to the Spring Festival in the Han Dynasty.

33. Lahu nationality

The Lahu people are mainly distributed in Lancang, Menglian, Shuangjiang, Menghai, Ximeng and other counties in southern Yunnan Province. The word "Lahu" is a word in the language of this nation."La" means tiger, and "Hu" means roasting meat fragrant. Therefore, in history, the Lahu people were known as the "tiger hunting nation." Traditional festivals of the Hu people include the Lahu Year, as well as festivals such as the Kuta Festival (Spring Festival), Torch Festival, Moon Festival and Taxin Festival. The most solemn festival is the Lahu Year. It is said that the Lahu brothers came out of gourd. On the first day of the New Year, all men, women and children of the Lahu ethnic group must wash their hands with gourd filled with water to wash away the poverty of the past year and usher in a bumper harvest in the new year.

34. Li nationality

The Li people live in Tongshi Town and other places on Hainan Island. According to textual research, the Li people developed from a branch of the ancient "Baiyue" people. As early as four to five thousand years ago, the ancestors of the Li nationality thrived and lived on Hainan Island and became the earliest residents of the island. The Li people call themselves "Xiao","Qi","Mobil", etc. The use of Li names began in the late Tang Dynasty and is still in use today. Traditional festivals of the Li nationality include Spring Festival and "March 3rd". Most festivals of the Li nationality are the same as those of the Han nationality, such as the Spring Festival, which is basically the same as the Han nationality celebrating the Spring Festival. The annual lunar festival "March 3rd" unique to the Li people originates from a legend about the reproduction of the Li people's ancestors.

35. Lhoba nationality

The Lhoba ethnic group is mainly distributed in southeastern Xizang, with a population of only over 2300. It is currently the ethnic group with the smallest population in China. Lhoba is what Tibetans call them, which means southerners. Domestic slavery still existed before liberation. It was officially recognized as a single nation in August 1965. The Lhoba people living in Metuo and Milin follow the Tibetan calendar, and all festivals and sacrificial activities are not much different from those of Tibetans. The Lhoba people of Ximeng called the New Year's Festival "the art of adjusting grain and milk". In many places, the ancient custom of "gathering clans" has been preserved.

36. Manchu

The Manchu people are mainly distributed in the three eastern provinces of China, with the largest number in Liaoning Province. Among the 55 ethnic minorities in China, it ranks second only to Zhuang. The Manchu people have a long history, dating back to the Sushen people more than 2,000 years ago. Heishui Kuan was the direct ancestor of the Manchu people and later developed into a Jurchen. After the Revolution of 1911, the Manchu nationality was renamed Manchu. Traditional festivals mainly include Spring Festival, Lantern Festival, Eryouer, Dragon Boat Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival. Traditional sports such as "pearl ball", horse vault, camel jumping and skating are generally held during the festival. The Golden Medal Festival is the day of "ethnic celebration" of the Manchu people. In October 1989, December 3 of each year was officially designated as the "Gold Medal Festival".

37. Maonan nationality

The Maonan people mainly live in the upper, middle and lower Nanshan District of Huanjiang County, Guangxi. The Maonan people are an indigenous ethnic group in Lingxi. The Dai before the Tang Dynasty and the Ling of the Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties were their ancestors. Historical records record that the Maonan people are called "Maotan" and "Maonan". In August 1986, with the approval of the State Council, they changed their name to their present name. Maonan festivals have two obvious characteristics: one is to sacrifice to ancestors; the other is to carry out more singing and singing activities. The largest folk festival of the Maonan ethnic group is the Dragon Dividing Festival every year after the summer solstice. The Temple Festival in the fifth month of the lunar calendar, the Qingming Festival "Catching up the Ancestral Weed" and the Lantern Festival "Flying Birds" are also their unique commemorative activities.

38. Mulao

Mulao people, in their own language, the word "Mulao" means "mother". They mainly live in Luocheng and other counties in Guangxi. The Mulao people have their own language, but no written language. Most people speak Chinese and Zhuang languages, and use Chinese. The Mulao people used to worship many gods and have many festivals. There are festivals in almost every month of the year except October and November. The triennial "Yifan" Festival, also known as "Xilehou", is the most solemn festival of the Mulao people. The main purpose of "relying on rice" is to make a vow to our ancestors, praying for the safety of people and animals and a bumper harvest of grains.

39. Pumi

The origin of the Pumi people belongs to the Qiang branch of the nomadic people in northwest China in ancient China, and "Pumi" means white. They mainly live in Lanping Bai and Pumi Autonomous County in Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province, and Lijiang Naxi Autonomous County, Yongsheng County and Ninglang Yi Autonomous County in Lijiang Prefecture. The Pumi people used to worship many gods and ancestors, and most festivals were closely related to sacrificial activities. Such as the Lunar New Year (Spring Festival), Qingming Festival, Summer Summer, Dragon Boat Festival, Torch Festival, Tasting Festival and other festivals. In the past, the Pumi people held large sacrificial activities for the gods of the small world every three years, which were jointly held by the whole nation or the whole village.

40. Qiang nationality

The Qiang people now mainly live in Maowen, western Sichuan. The Qiang people call themselves "Erma", which means "locals". As early as three thousand years ago, there were records of the Qiang people in oracle bones of the Yin Dynasty. They mainly lived in the northwest of China and the Central Plains. The mountainous areas where the Qiang people live contain pandas, flying foxes, golden monkeys, etc., which are rare in the world. The first day of the tenth month of the lunar calendar is the Qiang New Year's Day. The New Year's Eve banquet is also called "Harvest Wine". On the New Year's Day, the whole village went to the "Divine Forest" to make a vow and burned cypress incense to honor their ancestors and gods. During festivals, weddings and funerals, sacrifices, gatherings, hospitality or job changes, in addition to rich meals, fine wine is also necessary.

41. Salar people

The Salar people mainly live in the Xunhua area of Qinghai Province, which is located along the Yellow River. The Salar people have their own language, but they have no written language and use Chinese. Most Salar men make a living by logging trees in the mountains and rowing rafts in the rivers. In addition, beekeeping is the favorite sideline production of the Salars, and gardening is also their specialty. The main Salar festivals include Eid al-Fitr, Eid al-Adha, etc. The largest traditional festival is the Eid al-Adha Festival. Whenever the festival comes, the Salar people will entertain guests, cook hand-grabbed mutton, stew chicken, make sugar buns, fried cakes, fried dumplings, and make "Bili Maihai"(fried dough),"Musi Ri"(a steamed buns filled with oil, cooked noodles, etc.) and various stews.

42. She nationality

The She people call themselves "Shanha", which means customers living in the mountains. It is said that the She people's ancestral home is Chaozhou, Guangdong. It is mainly distributed in Fu 'an, Fujian, Jingning, Zhejiang, Guangdong, Jiangxi, Anhui and other provinces, and most of them live mixed with the Han nationality. Zhejiang Jingning She Autonomous County was established on June 30, 1984. The She family attaches great importance to traditional festivals and ancestor worship. The 15th day of the second, seventh and eighth months every year is the ancestor worship day and they believe in ghosts and gods. "March 3rd" is a traditional festival of the She nationality. It is held on the third day of the third month of the lunar calendar every year. It is also known as the "Black Rice Festival". The She family attaches great importance to traditional festivals, and they have certain traditional habits about what they eat at every festival.

43. Aquarium

The aquatic people call themselves "sea water", meaning water people. As early as before the Qin and Han Dynasties, many tribes lived in the Lingnan area and the southeastern coastal areas. According to Kao Shui people developed from one of the tribes called "Luoyue". In the Qing Dynasty, people called it "Shuijia Miao" and "Shuijia", and was officially named as Shui Nationality after liberation. The most solemn festivals in the Shui people are Duanjie (Yiduan) and Maojie (Duan). Duanjie is the most solemn traditional festival of the year among the Shui people. Duan Shui-saving language is called "Yiduan" and is the largest festival in the Shui people. It is equivalent to the Spring Festival of the Han people. The first Duan Festival was held from late August to early October of the lunar calendar every year, on every sea day.

44. Tajik

Although the Tajiks have the characteristics of the Europa race, they have lived and bred in the land of China since ancient times. At present, 60% of Tajiks live in Taxkorgan Tajik Autonomous County, Xinjiang, and the rest are distributed in Shadong, Zepu, Yecheng and Pishan counties. Tajikistan Autonomous County was established on July 17, 1954. The festivals of the Tajik people are basically the same as those of the local Uyghurs, Uzbeks, Kirgiz and other ethnic groups who believe in Islam, and their festival foods are also roughly similar. Every year, Tajiks celebrate the Barati Festival one month before Ramadan. Qidi Qiandir Festival is the most important festival for Tajik people. It is equivalent to the Spring Festival of the Han people and is mostly held in March.

45. Tatar

The Tatar people are mainly distributed in cities such as Yining, Tacheng, and Urumqi in Xinjiang. It was called Tartar in ancient times. The word "Tatar" originally means "thatched house". Tatar belongs to the Altaic language family and is now generally spoken in Uyghur or Kazakh. It mainly engages in commerce and handicrafts, and believes in Islam. The festivals, etiquette and food customs of the Tatar people are similar to those of other local ethnic groups who believe in Islam, such as Uyghurs and Kazakhs. The "Saban Festival" of the Tatar people, also known as the "Plowshare Festival", is mostly held in places with beautiful scenery in spring. It includes songs and dances, as well as collective activities such as wrestling, tug-of-war, and horse racing.

46. Tujia

The vast majority of the Tujia people live in Hunan, Hubei Province, and Sichuan. The Tujia people call themselves "Bizka"(meaning locals) and have their own language. Most people speak Chinese, and Tujia is still spoken in only a few inhabited areas. Tujia people attach great importance to traditional festivals, especially the New Year's Eve. The second day of the second month of the lunar calendar every year is called Society Day, when you have Society Food. Eat rice dumplings on Duanyang Festival. When making baba on the Double Ninth Festival, the Tujia people used to be superstitious about ghosts and gods and worshipped their ancestors. They would pay great respects to their ancestors every New Year's Day, and also had small respects on the first and fifteenth days of the year.

47. Gelao people

It is mainly distributed in Wuchuan Gelao and Miao Autonomous County and Daozhen Gelao and Miao Autonomous County, Guizhou Province. The rest live in Guiyang City, Liupanshui City, Zunyi City and Tongren, Bijie, Anshun, and Southwest Guizhou, with a few scattered in Yunnan and Guangxi. Those living in Guizhou Province account for more than 97% of the total ethnic population. The Gelao people are mainly agriculture. They have a variety of rice in flat areas and a variety of coarse grains in mountainous dry areas. They belong to the economic and cultural type of rice farming. It has its own language and belongs to the Sino-Tibetan family. There is no final conclusion in the academic community on the attribution of language families and branches. At present, only a few elderly people speak Gelao. Believing in Taoism, some also believing in Buddhism.

48. Tu nationality

The Tu people mainly live in Huzhu, Minhe, Datong and other counties of Qinghai Province, and the rest are scattered in Muhu, Menyuan and Tianzhu, Gansu Province. The Tu people call themselves "Mongolian Le" or "Mongolian Erkong"(meaning Mongols). They used to be called "Qinghai natives" and Tibetans called them "Hoor". The Tu people are mainly engaged in animal husbandry and agriculture, and are especially good at raising sheep. The "Seven-Day Meeting" is a carnival for the Turkish people to celebrate the harvest. Many festivals of the Turkish people are closely related to religion. During the festivals, various sacrificial activities are accompanied by festival food.

49. Wa people

The Wa people are distributed in the southern section of the Nushan Mountains in the western and southwestern parts of Yunnan Province, west of the Lancang River and east of the Nujiang River. Originally known as "Kawa", it was changed to its current name with the approval of the State Council in April 1963. At the annual "New Fire Festival", Wa people put out the old fire, and then the highly respected elderly people use the ancient form of drilling wood to light a new fire, indicating an auspicious and healthy new year. Every year, the Wa people hold the "Ox Robbing Festival" on all major festivals and sacrificial activities to express their desire for a bumper harvest and pray for peace.

50. Uyghur

"Uyghur" is the self-proclaimed name of the Uyghur, meaning "unity" or "union". The Uyghurs mainly live in the area south of the Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Their ethnic origin can be traced back to the nomadic "Dingling" people in the third century BC. The Uyghurs were formed by integrating the Han people and the Tubo people, Khitan people, and Mongolians who later migrated. Most Uyghur festivals originate from Islam and are calculated using the Muharram calendar. Traditional Uyghur festivals include Roz Festival (Eid al-Fitr), Kurban Festival (Gurbang Festival) and Nowruz Festival. The first two originated in Islam, and the dates are calculated in the Syridian calendar and move every year, so sometimes they are in winter, sometimes in summer or other seasons.

51. Uzbek people

Uzbeks are distributed in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. The Uzbek people first lived in various parts of Central Asia. During the Yuan Dynasty, they were called "Moon Jibi" and "Moon Zubo". In the 15th century, they gradually formed a nation. The Uzbek people have their own language and believe in Islam. The main festivals of the Uzbek people include the "Holy Order Festival","Ruz Festival","Gurbang Festival", etc. The traditional festivals of the Uzbek people are basically the same as those of other local Muslim peoples, with Ruz Festival and Gurbang Festival being the most solemn festivals of the year.

52. Sibe

The Xibo people lived in the Hulunbuir Grassland and the Nenjiang River Basin. In the mid-18th century, they moved westward to Chabuchar and other places in Xinjiang, and now most of them live scattered in Xinjiang, Northeast China, eastern Inner Mongolia and the Nenjiang River Basin in Heilongjiang Province. Many traditional festivals among the Xibe people are mostly the same as those of the Han people. Such as: Spring Festival, Qingming Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, etc. The Western Migration Festival is an unforgettable national festival for the Xibe people. On the 18th of the fourth month of the lunar calendar, people will solemnly carry out various commemorative activities.The "Smelling Festival" is another interesting and unique traditional festival for the Xibo people.

53. Yao nationality

The Yao people are a typical mountainous ethnic group in southern China. The Yao people call themselves "Mian","Jinmen","Bunu","Lajia","Bingduoyou", etc., and have more than 30 titles due to different economic life, living area and clothing. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, they were collectively called the Yao people. In addition to celebrating the Spring Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival, etc., the Yao people also have more than 30 unique traditional festivals, large and small. Among them, the most ethnic characteristics are Panwang Festival, King Ren Festival, and Bird Catching Festival. The Panwang Festival, on the 16th day of the tenth lunar month, is the most solemn festival of the Yao people. It is a grand traditional festival for the Yao people to commemorate their ancestors.

54. yugur

The Yugur people live in the Sunan area of the Hexi Corridor in Gansu Province, and the rest live in the Huangnibao area of Jiuquan. The Yugur people call themselves "Yaohu 'er" and "Liangla Yugu' er". The Yugur people originated from the Uighurs who were nomadic in the Orkhun River Basin in the Tang Dynasty. In the early Ming Dynasty, they moved to the Qilian Mountains one after another, gradually forming the Yugur nationality. The festival customs of the Yugur people reflect all aspects of the material and social life of the nation. The shaving ceremony for children of the Yugur people is unique. According to tradition, children of the Yugur family do not shave their hair for the first time until they are 3 years old. A more solemn ceremony will be held at that time. Cutting horse bristles is a unique festival custom of the Yugur people.

55. Yi nationality

The Yi people are distributed in Yunnan, Sichuan, Guizhou Province and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. The Yi people claim to be numerous, which vary according to the place, including "Nuosu","Misa","Luoluo","Sani","Axi", etc. After the founding of the People's Republic of China,"Yi" was used as the unified national name. The Yi people used to worship animism and ancestors. There are many traditional folk festivals. The main festivals include the October Year, the Torch Festival and regional festivals and sacrificial activities. The October Year is a traditional year for the Yi people and is mostly held on auspicious days in the early ten months of the lunar calendar. The Torch Festival, which falls on the 24th day of the June lunar month every year, is the largest traditional festival of the Yi people.

56. Han nationality

The Han nationality is the dominant ethnic group in China. "Han" originally refers to the Tianhe River and the Milky Way in the Universe. The Book of Songs says: "There is Han in the universe." The Chinese people were called "Han people" and began in the Han Dynasty. The Han nationality is a nation with a long history that has never been interrupted in history and the most populous nation in the world. At present, the Han population is about 1.3 billion, accounting for 19% of the world's total population, and is distributed all over the world. In addition to the four places across the Taiwan Strait of China, the Han nationality is also widely distributed in Southeast Asia and North America.