Mysterious and ancient Yao wedding customs

The wedding ceremony of the Yao nationality has always been ancient and full of mystery. It not only has a unique legendary color, but also has profound national cultural connotation. Since most of the Yao people live in the vast virgin forest, where mountains are continuous and picturesque, and they are rarely impacted by foreign cultures, they still retain their own traditional and original national culture. Among them, the marriage customs of the Yao people have their own strong national style.

Mysterious and ancient Yao wedding customs0The Bama Yao marriage ceremony is popular in Bama Yao Autonomous County and Duan Yao Autonomous County in Guangxi, where the Yao people live. It is a custom specially used by the Yao people to express wedding matters when talking about marriage. On the basis that the man and the woman have a solid relationship with each other, the parents each select a brilliant singer to meet and discuss wedding matters using the engagement words. Those sent by the man are called "market merchants", and those sent by the woman are called "Haipa", and they are all served by young men. The two stood next to an Eight Immortals tea table with a wine jar, wine glasses and a bamboo tube containing chopsticks. Then they "Hi Ba" picked up the chopsticks and shook them, and recited the engagement words at the rhythm of shaking the chopsticks., sing a paragraph. He took out a chopstick from the bamboo tube and placed it in front of the "cloth merchant". The "cloth merchant" immediately recited and answered, then picked up the chopsticks and held them in his hand. In this way, until all chopsticks are moved from the bamboo tubes of "hiba" to the hands of "market merchants". The two sides poured wine and respected each other, and an engagement ceremony came to a successful conclusion. In order to celebrate the conclusion of the marriage and comfort the two singers, the woman's parents warmly entertained them with wine.

Mysterious and ancient Yao wedding customs1Jin Xiula Jiayao and Hua Lanyao's wedding was the simplest

Yao marriage etiquette, covering the Yao rich. Yao wedding has complex and simple, various forms. Guangxi Jinxiu Lajia Yao and Hua Lanyao wedding is the most simple. When getting married, neither man nor woman treats guests, presents money, beats gongs and drums, let alone sets off firecrackers. At the same time, the woman neither treats nor makes a dowry, and the wedding ceremony is held in the dead of night. That is, at dark on the night of picking up the bride, the man sent several young women to quietly go to the woman's house with five kilograms of pork, five kilograms of wine and five kilograms of rice. The wife's family had a simple meal at the same table as the recipient, and then lit a torch and took the bride to the man's house. The husband's family had a simple meal at the same table with the groom, bride, relatives and elders of several close relatives in the middle of the night, and the marriage ended.​

Mysterious and ancient Yao wedding customs2Hongyao wedding ceremony is even more unique

In Sanjiang County, Guangxi, the marriage ceremony of Hongyao young men and women in Laobao and Wenjie areas is even more unique. They made a lifelong promise to each other, concluded a marriage contract, and held a marriage ceremony behind the wife's parents 'back. After the wedding, people were sent to the bride and groom to bring two chickens and twelve kilograms of wedding wine to the woman's house to announce the good news and apologize. The woman's parents had no choice but to acquiesce in the marriage. In fact, it's not that the woman's parents absolutely don't know, it's just a marriage custom. After their marriage, the wife "never left behind her husband's family." During holidays or busy farming, the husband only picks up his wife and comes home to live for a few days. Then he returned to his mother's home. Wait until his wife is pregnant, she goes to live at her husband's house before giving birth.

The worship ceremony is particularly popular and solemn among Mianyao people. That is, on the day of marriage, the man sends several men and women to the woman's home to pick up the bride; the woman also sends several men and women to send the bride to the man's home. The lights and candles were brightly lit on the night of the ceremony, and several rectangular banquets were placed in the main room, filled with relatives and friends. The groom and bride are dressed in traditional national costumes, with a square jade brocade covering the bride's head. The groom and bride stand in the center of the hall, facing the Shentai, and the master of ceremonies officiating twelve kneeling ceremonies. The main objects of kneeling are: paying homage to grandparents, parents, uncles, brothers and sisters, etc. Receive gifts according to generation and proceed one by one. Each time you bow to a person, you must kneel down twelve times. And give a toast.

Mysterious and ancient Yao wedding customs3 Kinmen Yao wants to sing the "Song of Blocking the Road" when she receives her marriage

Kinmen Yao has to sing a "blocking the road song" to pick up a bride. When the man sends more than 10 men and women to pick up the bride's house, he has to sing more than ten rounds of "blocking the road song". When the bride reception team takes the bride back to the groom's house, ceremonies such as entry, marriage, and recognition must be held. On the third day, the bride and groom "returned" together. He stayed at the bride's house for one night and returned to live at the groom's house.

Mysterious and ancient Yao wedding customs4Babai Yao bride must recite Yao Sutra and recite auspicious language when she gets married

When the bride marries in Babaiyao, Liannan County, Guangdong Province, the husband will recite Yao scriptures and recite auspicious words for the bride, and the bride's aunt and sister-in-law will help the bride dress up; when the bride goes out, she will wear straw sandals backwards.

Mysterious and ancient Yao wedding customs5Chashan Yao picks up the bride in the middle of the night. Jinxiu Yao Mountain has five Yao branches, among which Chashan Yao has unique wedding customs. When picking up relatives, don't blow, don't lift sedan chair, don't play gongs and drums and set off firecrackers. The man sent several Fang brothers to set a fire in the middle of the night to pick up the bride. An oil lamp was lit at every door of the woman's house to illuminate the family who had received the bride. After eating the "grateful meal", he took the bride away. Accompanying the bride were several sisters from the bride's family. It was midnight, and no one knew that the bride had left the village. It is also very simple for the bride to go to the groom's house for a banquet. When the sun rises, the bride and groom both go to the ground to work with hoes. This kind of wedding ceremony is simple and does not involve extravagance and waste. To this day, the Yao people still maintain this traditional custom.

Mysterious and ancient Yao wedding customs6 The Yao people who can only enter the base of the saddle after the red-headed Yao bride holds a ceremony in the middle of the night are a branch of the Yao people-the cotton yumian people. Because the women's headdresses are very special, they are made of red cloth more than thirty feet long. Therefore, people from foreign ethnic groups also call them Hongtouyao. In Hongtouyao's family, parents get engaged for their children very early. Before getting engaged, they have to ask a priest to compare the marriage documents of the man and the woman's fate, so that they can only get engaged if they match. The wedding of the Yao nationality takes three days and three nights: on the first day, the groom's family goes to the bride's house to deliver the gift; on the second day, the bride's family's escort team sends the bride to the man's house, but cannot enter the house until the ceremony is held in the middle of the night before entering the house; on the third night, after the groom and bride worship, the man's family will pay the deposit to the woman's family at dawn, and the wedding is concluded after a banquet is held to send away the family and the relatives who have sent the bride away. Only a couple can enter the bridal chamber and spend their honeymoon together.

Mysterious and ancient Yao wedding customs7The Yao people in Gongcheng have the habit of singing the song of Pailou in the Yao and Zhuang areas at the source of Jiujia River in Lianhua Township, Gongcheng County, Guangxi. Whenever a girl gets married, she has the habit of singing the song of Pailou. Young people in neighboring villages often hear the news of singing the song accompanying the building. They all rushed to gather around the boudoir. At first, the girl did not easily sing against the young people downstairs, but she had to go through a series of "selective admissions" and started singing after being selected. The content of the couplet song is very extensive, but no one is allowed to sing low-level and vulgar folk songs, otherwise they will be scolded and rejected. The main family was very enthusiastic about the young people, singing for several nights until the bride married and passed through the door.

Mysterious and ancient Yao wedding customs8Pan Yao has "married daughter" and "married husband"

Most of Panyao's weddings are after the autumn harvest. Before the Spring Festival, there are two types: "marrying a daughter" and "marrying a husband". Before holding a formal wedding, there must be a process such as spouse selection, marriage proposal, and engagement. The wedding banquet has three meals of "main wine" and six meals of "partial wine"(breakfast and midnight snacks). On the morning of the fourth day, the relatives left, and the men each presented a "nipple gift"(also known as Xiaoyuan gift), that is, 8 to 9 kilograms of pig legs each and 4 to 5 kilograms of other pork. On the fourth or fifth day, the couple went back to stay overnight and went back to the rear to complete the house.

Pan Yao's marriage is relatively stable, usually one person, and divorce is rare. During divorce, both parties cut copper coins or break bamboo tubes and swear to heaven to hold half each. If you divorce and remarry, the "worth" money can be collected by the Shipaitou person, and both parties cannot accept it.

Mysterious and ancient Yao wedding customs9Yao people also have the custom of "marrying a woman at large, and marrying a man at large." For example, in the Mianao or Jinmen Yao areas, when a woman reaches marriageable age, those who are unwilling to marry will stay at home to marry a son-in-law; some men who grow up and are unwilling to marry a daughter-in-law at home can also marry and go to the woman's house. After a man marries into his wife's home, the first child will take his mother's surname, and the second child will take his father's surname. For those with many children, the analogy goes forward.

Both men and women each have children with the same surname as their own who will be sent over to their families to inherit the family. If a man is an orphan or has been bribed to become a son-in-law, the man must change his name and his surname, that is, change his surname to the woman. All children born to them also take their mother's surname. If the man is the only child, after marrying the woman, when there is no one else in the family to take care of his parents, he will adopt the form of "walking on both sides". That is to say, both men and women have the responsibility to help their parents work, both have the obligation to support both parents, and both have the right to inherit the property of both parents. Therefore, after the only child marries, parents will have no worries.

Summary: Each Yao branch has a unique style and characteristics in terms of marriage customs. The Yao marriage etiquette covers the rich cultural and historical connotations of the Yao people. It is a profound national culture accumulated by them through constant historical changes and long-term production and labor.

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