A complete list of tourist attractions in Peru

Peru is a country with multiple races, multiple languages and multiple cultures. Located in northwest South America, it is the birthplace of ancient Inca culture. Its diverse natural environment, the Amazon jungle, the Inca ruins of the Andes plateau and Lake Titicaca, the highest in the world, make Peru one of the most visited countries in the world. The diversity of residents and natural conditions provides rich cultural exchanges between different people, provides multiple land use methods, and creates a remarkable blend of culture and landscape. Therefore, the tourist destination of Peru will provide tourists with rich freedom of choice all year round.

1. Lima, the capital of Peru. Located in the western coastal area of Peru, at 12 degrees 2 minutes and 34 seconds south latitude and 77 degrees 1 minute and 42 seconds west longitude. It is close to the Pacific Ocean. The Rimac River flows through northern Lima. The city center is 154 meters above sea level. The population is 7.49 million, accounting for 28.4% of the country's total population. Statistics as of June 30, 2001). From November to April every year, the lowest is 16 degrees Celsius and the highest is 28 degrees Celsius. The hottest month is February, with an average temperature of 23 degrees Celsius. Due to the El Niño phenomenon, the highest temperature reached 35.5 degrees Celsius in 1997. 6-8 The month is generally between 13 and 14 degrees Celsius. The coldest month is July, with an average temperature of 16 degrees Celsius. There is little rain all year round. It is the world-famous "Rainless Rain City". It is foggy and humid in winter. Lima's climate is suitable for the growth of warm and tropical crops, and is rich in citrus, pineapples, grapes, mangoes and other fruits. On January 18, 1535, Spanish adventurer Francisco Pizarro came here and established the city of Lima and established the Governor's Mansion. Lima gradually developed into the base camp of Spanish colonists in South America. It has a history of more than 400 years. A massive earthquake in 1746 destroyed the city. After years of effort, Lima has been restored from the ruins. Peru became independent in 1821. Lima became the political, economic and cultural center of the country. The center of Lima is Plaza Mayor, which means Plaza Grande, formerly known as Plaza de Arms). The copper fountain in the center of the square was built in 1650. The square is surrounded by the Presidential Palace, Lima Municipal Building, Cathedral, etc. The buildings of the old city of Lima still maintain the Spanish architectural style. The Torretagli Palace, home to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Peru, was built in 1735 and is the best preserved colonial building. The building area is 1,699 square meters and the exterior is beautiful. The door is decorated with copper nails. The interior houses the carriage of the Governor of Lima, precious oil paintings and carvings of the year. Lima is the cultural center of the country. The University of San Marcos is the most famous institution of higher learning in Peru. It was founded in 1551 and is the first university in the history of the Americas. There are also many museums in Lima, of which the Gold Museum ranks first. The Port of Callao is connected to the city of Lima. It is Peru's largest seaport and a major port on the Pacific coast of South America. 80% of Peru's total import and export goods are transshipped through the port of Callao. The port can berth more than 20 ocean-going ships at the same time. Thousands of workers and unemployed and semi-unemployed people live on the outskirts of Lima and nearby barren mountains. Most of them are bankrupt farmers and Indians who have come from the mountains to the capital since the 1960s to find jobs. They live in simple huts, or simple houses made of reed mats, iron sheets, straw mats, plastic sheets, etc. These slums are called "youth villages". Due to the rapid population growth of Lima City, the population was 500,000 in 1940, 6.34 million in 1993, 7.21 million in 1998, and 7.49 million in 2001), 20% of the houses have no water, and 10% of the houses have no electricity. Municipal facilities and construction cannot keep up and are far from meeting the needs, and there are many problems in terms of appearance and sanitation.

1), Laocheng District On January 18, 1535, Spanish colonist Francisco Pizarro founded the city of Lima, which is now the Laocheng District of Lima. Legend has it that Pizarro used his sword to draw a chessboard on the ground, which was called the "Pizarro Chessboard." The Laocheng District was built here, also known as the "Square Lima." In the 1870s, the structure of Laocheng District began to change due to the construction of a city wall to prevent pirate attacks. In the 1870s, the city wall was demolished, beginning the modern history of Lima.

The Laocheng District is 13 blocks long and 9 blocks wide. Some of them can be called true architectural art treasures, such as the Torretagli Palace, where the Ministry of Foreign Affairs is now located, as well as many Baroque architectural monasteries, churches, etc., with luxurious interior decoration. Nowadays, these buildings have been in disrepair for a long time. Since UNESCO awarded Lima the title of Human Cultural Heritage, the renovation of these old buildings has become a hot topic of discussion among the authorities and the public.

Before the 1960s, the urban population of Lima was less than 2 million. The Laocheng District had many government, commercial, and banking institutions, and was the main symbol of national and urban power. Since the 1960s, a large influx of rural people has affected the development of urban service industries. As a result, many service industries have moved out of the city center and expanded into newly built areas. However, hotels, travel agencies, restaurants, pharmacies, major newspapers, and state administration agencies are still in the Laocheng District. Nowadays, the Laocheng District, especially the few streets on its edge, has become a gathering place for mobile vendors. It is crowded and traffic jams, making it a place where robberies, theft and other cases occur frequently.

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2), Central Square (also known as Arms Square) Plaza Mayor, also known as Plaza de Armas) The central square is surrounded by the Presidential Palace, City Government and Cathedral. It is a witness to many important events in the course of Peruvian political life. Among them, Pizarro, the founder of Lima, was assassinated in 1541 in his official residence of the governor of New Castile. In the 16th and 17th centuries, there were many Ministores around the square and various vendors gathered. The square was also used as a bullring and an Inquisition where executions were carried out. An incinerator was set up in the center of the square to burn people sentenced to death. It was later abolished and a bronze pool was built in situ, which is preserved today. The central square is a venue for celebrating important festivals. In 1821, General San Martín declared Peru's independence here.

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3), The presidential palace was originally located at the time of the governor of New Castile and the current presidential palace was selected by Pizarro, located between the central square and the Rimac River. Initially, the building followed exactly the Spanish style of Castile: two large courtyards for infantry and cavalry. A large garden where Pizarro carefully managed various flowers and plants brought from the Iberian Peninsula. Among them, one fig tree almost became a tree trunk when it came to Pizarro. Pizarro planted it and actually survived. It has survived for nearly five centuries and survived to this day. It is really amazing. After Pizarro, successive governors of the Spanish king lived here. In the second half of the 19th century, the building was decorated on a large scale and was luxurious. The presidential palace has experienced three fires. The last fire, in July 1921, was the most serious, turning all the buildings facing the wing of Palacios Avenue to ashes. There is a spacious hall in the rebuilt presidential palace. Presidential Guard soldiers are standing guard at the entrance of each hall. The design of these reconstructions, provided by architect Yasha Marashovsky, revolutionized the Spanish style. The new building is a French-Baroque building. It faces the square and has a large balcony at each end. Whenever important festivals or celebrations, the President watches the celebrations in the central square from the balcony at the end close to the city government and delivers a speech to the public.

There are several halls in the Presidential Palace:

Seville Hall. It is paved with tiles produced in Seville, Spain, and the walls are hung with the national emblem of Peru, the emblem of Lima and the shield of Pizarro. The furniture is decorated with objects from the Spanish Renaissance period.

Tupac Amaru Hall. Named in memory of José Gavriel Kondorcanki Tupac Amaru II, leader of the Inca Rebellion in 1780. This hall is decorated in the Spanish Renaissance architectural style.

Dorado Hall, Golden Hall). The central government is the place where cabinet ministers take the oath. Almost all the furniture in the hall is from the Louis XIV period, including four large decorative chandeliers.

Peace Hall. It was originally a large restaurant in the Presidential Palace. It is named after the peace treaty signed between the Republic of El Salvador and the Republic of Honduras in this hall. This hall is a veritable hall, occupying the entire east wing of the presidential palace. A huge Bohemian crystal chandelier hangs in the center of the cellar in the hall, as well as six smaller chandeliers and four large crystal candlesticks. The tables and chairs in the hall are all in Spanish Renaissance style.

The Oval Hall. Tables and chairs in the style of Louis XIV are displayed here. Porcelain from the Orient, especially China, are also displayed, including two giant porcelain jars and six large porcelain vases. At 12:30 every day, the Presidential Guard holds a change of guard ceremony, which is quite majestic.

4) The cathedral was built in 1625 and is typical of Spanish Baroque architectural art. The designer was Francisco Becerra, a Spanish Renaissance architect. The existing buildings are buildings after the 1904 earthquake. They are a mixture of Baroque, Gothic and Romanesque buildings, causing considerable controversy. It is said that Pizarro's body was moved to the cathedral in 1891. Whether it is true or not is false is different.

5). In the middle of the 19 th century, the first batch of contracted Chinese workers arrived in the Chinese community. Since then, about 100,000 Chinese have been trafficked to Peru. They began building railways and later engaged in agriculture in coastal areas. Some moved to Lima and settled in Paruro Street and adjacent neighborhoods, forming a Chinese area with commercial and cultural characteristics. Overseas Chinese have opened restaurants, retail stores, and wholesale stores in the area, dealing in various goods, especially China handicrafts, and are popular among local and foreign tourists. In the Chinese area, overseas Chinese funded the construction of a "Zhonghua Square" archway. The Chinese area has become an important tourist attraction in Lima. The China General Administration of Tonghui, the largest overseas Chinese organization in the brigade, is headquartered in the Chinese area. The General Administration maintains a good cooperative relationship with the Lima Municipal Government. The Lima City Government is very concerned about the improvement of environmental conditions in Chinese areas. In 1997, under the personal care of Lima Mayor Andrade, various small vendors gathered in the Chinese area were driven away. Since May 1999, the municipal government, together with the General Administration of the Communist Party of China, has renovated and renovated the Chinese area to make it more Chinese cultural and attractive to tourists. 6) Other Laocheng District still retains many distinctive residential buildings, churches, monasteries of various periods, the Congress Building of the Republic of Peru, the Inquisition Museum), and the Judicial Building. St. Martin's Square, etc.

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2. Fortaleza del Real Felipe) is famous for being the largest and strongest castle built by Spain in the American colonies. It is a typical European castle architectural style in the middle of the 16th century. It is the most complete and meaningful military defense project of the Spanish royal family. It is located on the coast of Callao and guards the entire Port of Callao. It has the tendency of one man to dominate the barrier. Since the 1746 earthquake and tsunami razed the first port in Peruvian history, the Port of Callao, to the ground, Spanish colonists believed that a wall alone was not enough to withstand natural disasters, nor could it withstand the rampant British pirates at that time. Invasion, a stronger defense system must be built. The foundation stone for the castle was laid on August 1, 1747. It is said that the Governor, Count of Supelenda) José Antonio Manzo de Velasco, personally shoveled the first shovel of soil. The designers were French universe structuralist Louis Godin, Spanish mathematician José Amich, and Spanish castle architecture expert Juan Francisco Rossa, who was in Lima at the time. Engineering commander director) is Amisch. Masonry division Pedro Jose Ramirez was the supervisor. He led 20 masons and 400 minor workers. The project took 29 years to be built and stopped and cost 3 million pesos. Most of the 5 million cubic meters of stone used came from San Lorenzo Island, and the rest came from Panama and Spain. Ships came from Spain to carry stones and returned from Callao with treasure or other commodities looted in Peru and other parts of the American continent. When the castle was built. During the reign of Fernando of Spain, it was named "Royal Ferdinand Castle". Later, in memory of the late King Felipe V, it was named "Royal Felipe Castle" and is still in use today. In 1776, Governor Manuel Amat-Juniette presided over the opening ceremony of the castle.

The castle has an equilateral pentagon shape, with bunkers built on each side, named "King","Queen","San Feripe","San Carlos" and "San Jose". Each bunker has a warehouse for storing gunpowder. Only the first two fortresses have towers on them, called the "Knight" towers, and each has a suspension bridge for entry and exit. There is a 22-meter-wide earth platform communicating between the two towers, called the "Ring Road Camino de ronda". In fact, it is the corridor around the entire Five-Border Town Building, which is no longer that wide. The King's Tower has two circular platforms leading to the gun tower, which is reached through a medium-shaped staircase. The "Queen" Tower has three floors and has four battery towers. It has a complete internal staircase, corridor, gun tower, dormitory, and single cell system. He has imprisoned several famous figures in Peruvian history, such as Francisco de Serra, Mateo Silva, Francisco de Paula Quirros, Juan Pardo de Serra, Colonel Benardez Boyedo, Colonel Jose Gomez, Argentine Francisco Araus, Tadeo Teyes, José Felix Ortiz, and Manuel Valejos.

The outer layer of the tower is made of stone. The city wall was built of bricks, mixed with stone, lime, and slabs and mixed with sea bird eggs, making this huge building withstand the test of time and pirate attacks. The entire Gulf of Callao can be overseen from the city wall. The castle covers an area of 70,000 square meters, with a wall length of 1,580 meters, a height of 5.88 meters, and a thickness of 12-14 meters. It is all built of solid stones, enough to withstand artillery bombardment. It is praised as a model of magnificent military architecture at that time. In more than a century, the castle has never been conquered. After the castle was built, 188 bronze cannons and 124 iron cannons were installed, which made a deafening sound when fired. Several times resisted and repelled pirate attacks. By the end of the 18th century, pirates dared not come again.

On July 28, 1821, General José de San Martín declared Peru's independence. The Spanish colonists stationed in the castle did not surrender until September. Later it became an independent castle. During the interim regime of General José Luis de Orbegoso, it was the seat of government. President José de Larriva Aguero has issued an order making it the seat of Congress and courts. The Royal Felipe Castle is now an Army Military Museum, introducing the history of the formation and growth of the Peruvian army, as well as heroes, weapons and equipment, traditions, etc. from various historical periods, including a monument to Francisco Boronegesi, founder of the Peruvian army and defender of the castle in 1868. Colonel Cervantes.

3. The Pachacamac site is located in the "Rulin Valley" more than 20 kilometers south of Lima, and plays an important role in the history of ancient civilization in Peru. It rose around 200 BC, reached its peak in the 15th century, and was destroyed by invading Spanish colonists in 1533.It was originally a land temple for indigenous people in the pre-Inca period. It was later conquered by the Inca Kingdom and became the most famous temple on the central coast of Peru. It is famous for its solemnity, solemnity and majesty. Pachacamak is a complex of adobe and dry-lined earthen buildings. The foundation is paved with stones, and there is a row of trapezoidal window decorations on the walls with narrow top and wide bottom. The tallest building is called the Sun Palace (or Sun Temple), which is 6 stories high, backed by the sea, and is built on the top of the mountain. There is an observatory built behind the main hall to watch the sun appear and formulate the lunar calendar accordingly. There is also a Moon Palace built in a low-lying place on the other side of the Sun Temple. During the Inca period, beautiful women from neighboring areas were gathered here. They were selected to enter the palace from the age of 9 to learn various skills. After growing up, the most beautiful person can be elected as a princess; the less beautiful person can be elected as a maid or teacher. The passages in the Moon Palace are like a maze. There are also ponds and canals built in the palace for beautiful women to bathe.

4. National Museum Museo de la Nación) The National Museum is located in the San Borja District of Lima. The building has nine floors and is a building with unique shape and internal structure. It was built in 1976 and originally served as an office building for the Ministry of Fisheries. The Ministry of Fisheries moved out and became the National Bank Building. On March 14, 1988, in accordance with the Supreme Decree of the Republic of Peru on the Establishment of the National Museum, this building was used as the site of the National Museum. It opened on February 19, 1990 and opened to the public on March 1 of the same year. Since then, it has become one of the most important cultural sites in Peru. In 1995, the National Museum was placed under the jurisdiction of the National Cultural Council and became an integral part of the national museum system. Among the basic personnel of the National Museum, there are more technical personnel than management personnel, and they work in the National Museum Leadership Committee, Research Department, Collection Management Department, Preservation Department, Tour Guide Department and other departments.

The basement to the fourth floor are permanent and temporary exhibition spaces. The fifth to ninth floors are offices, libraries, storage rooms, security systems, etc. The permanent exhibition mainly uses models, maps, pictures, photos, unearthed objects, and corresponding text descriptions to show the audience the history of Peruvian civilization before the arrival of the Spaniards, namely the pre-Inca and Inca periods, including humanities, agriculture and other aspects of economic development.

The exhibition halls include: the Hall before the pottery era (from collection to farming); the Hall of Formation of the Times of Kupisnik, Chavin, Kunturvasi and other cultures); the Hall of Regional Development of Nazca, Moche and other cultures); the Hall of Regional Comprehensive Wali Culture); the Hall of Late Kingdoms and Fiefs, Chime, etc.; and the Hall of the Inca Empire. In 1998, a large number of cultural relics unearthed from the tomb of King Señor de Sipán of Sipán were displayed on the first floor. These precious cultural relics were excavated in 1987 from the tomb of King Sipan and nine burial tombs in the Sipan area of Lambayeque Province. From this, we can fully understand the social, economic, cultural conditions and customs of Peru during the pre-Inca Empire period, that is, before the twelfth century. It is reported that a large number of cultural relics are still buried in the tomb of King Xipan and need to be excavated. Mi is very proud of the cultural relics unearthed from the tomb of King Xipan. The museum has also held exhibitions on various domestic and foreign paintings, education, culture and other themes, including the "Five Thousand Years of China Civilization" exhibition.

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5. Gold Museum Museo del Oro del Perú y las Armas del Mundo) Peruvian Museum of Gold Products and World Weapons, referred to as the Gold Museum, is located in the Monterico District of Lima. It was founded in 1966 and is a privately collected museum. The museum's exhibits mainly include cultural relics collected by the family of agronomist, financier and diplomat Miguel Mujica Galho. It is divided into two major parts. The first part displays weapons from various countries around the world since the 16th century, including swords used by heroes of the Latin American War of Independence, weapons used by Napoleon, ancient China swords, as well as military uniforms, armors, and harness of various countries. They are well-made and beautiful in shape. The second part collects various gold and silver products, mummies, costumes, carvings, and pottery products unearthed in Peru from the fifth century BC to the fifth century AD. It is useful to understand the famous Mochka, Chimu and Nasca in Peruvian history. Culture and the customs and life of ancient indigenous people in Peru are quite helpful and have high artistic value.

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The museum has been listed as a national cultural relic by the Peruvian government, and some exhibits have been exhibited in North America, Europe, Japan and some countries in South America. The museum has a collection of cane-style swords donated by Chairman Mao. In October 1995, Premier Li Peng visited the museum and wrote the inscription "splendid cultural heritage, the crystallization of collectors 'labor" and presented a replica of the cultural relic of "Horse Stepping on Swallow". In May 2000, Li Ruihuan, chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, visited the museum and wrote an inscription "Treasure of Peruvian Culture, Pride of Inca Civilization" and presented a set of ancient coins.

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6. Cuzco is a famous ancient city in southern Peru, the capital of the ancient Inca Empire, and now the capital of the province of Cuzco. Tourist resort, famous for its Inca monuments. "Cusco" means "center of the world" in Quechua. Located in the upper reaches of the Vilgano River, in the Andean Plateau Basin, with an altitude of 3,410 meters. It is condescending, surrounded by mountains, lush forests and cool climate. Peruvians call it "the pearl in the crown of the Andes." The city of Cusco is the cradle of the splendid ancient Inca culture. Legend has it that in ancient times, the ancient Indian people overcame thorns and thorns here to create a homeland. They moved the sun god and presented them with a golden axe.

Around 1200 AD, King Manco Capac followed the instructions of his father, the sun god, and moved the capital from Lake Titicaca to build the majestic and magnificent city of Cusco. With this as the center, he established the huge Inca Empire (Inca means "son of the sun"), creating the Inca culture and becoming the highest peak of Indian civilization in South America.

In 1533, Spanish colonists invaded and looted all the treasures and cultural relics. After several earthquakes and more than 200 years of tug-of-war, the city suffered great damage; but some streets, palaces, temples and houses in the city during the Inca Empire still survive to this day. Later Spanish colonists built a large number of houses. The two architectural styles blended and are known as the unique architectural method of Spain and Inca. The center is the Armed Forces Square, with a full-length statue of an Indian standing in the center, surrounded by Spanish-style arcades and four Catholic churches. Several narrow stone-paved streets radiate into all directions, and steeple huts built of adobe still standing on both sides of the streets, many of which are relics of the ancient Inca Empire. To the northeast of the square, the Sun Temple with five halls was built on top of the towering pyramid. There are also the Moon Temple and the Star Temple. To the southeast of the square, there are the wall remains of the Sun Goddess Building and the Snake Temple. To the southwest of the square, there is a smaller celebration square, formerly called "Cusipata" by the Incas, which is a place to celebrate the triumphant return of the imperial army. There are archaeological museums near both squares. Pottery, textiles, gold and silver utensils and carving fragments left over from the Inca Empire are displayed.

There is also a university in the city established in 1692. At a height of 300 meters 1.5 kilometers away from the city of Cusco, there is the world-famous Saksavan round castle where the "Sun Festival" is held. Start with the castle. The Incas built a long ancient road with a total length of 2,000 to 3,000 kilometers. It was a major transportation route in ancient Peru. Travel east from the castle to the ruins of Kenko. According to textual research, this is an ancient tomb site and a religious sacrifice center, with relics of temples and circular fighting fields left. There is a huge stone carved altar in the center of the venue. Tamboma Chai, 9 kilometers from the city, has hot springs and waterfalls.

7. Machu Picchu is the ruins of the ancient Inca Empire in southern Peru. It is Peru's most famous tourist attraction and a human cultural heritage approved by UNESCO. "Machu Picchu" means "ancient mountain tops" in Inca. It is located on the plateau 112 kilometers northwest of Cusco, the capital of the ancient Inca Empire, surrounded by mountains and mountains. On both sides of the ancient city are 600-meter cliffs, bordering the rapid Urubamba River. It covers an area of 13 square kilometers and has an altitude of 2,280 meters. It is estimated that it was built four to five hundred years ago. After the Spaniards invaded the American continent, the ancient city was abandoned. Due to its high mountains and steep roads and dense forests, it has never been discovered.

In 1911, it was discovered by Heller Bingaman, professor of South American history at Yale University. The streets of the ancient city are narrow, but they are neatly and orderly. Palaces, temples and platforms are magnificent and magnificent, as well as workshops, fortresses, etc. They are mostly built of huge rocks, and the large and small stones are tightly sewn together, so that even a blade cannot be inserted into it. On the towering pyramid there is a temple of the sun managed by a virgin. Some aristocratic houses have rectangular or triangular windows left on the walls; steps are paved against the mountains, high, wide and neat; and there are also stone reservoirs that lead mountain springs to flow in for drinking. The sundial excavated here shows the high cultural level of the ancient Inca Empire. Archaeologists have also unearthed the remains and skulls of thousands of Incas here, with each male remains surrounded by 10 female remains buried in radial patterns. The ruins are engraved with many unknown symbols and marks.

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8. Paracas Nature Reserve Reserva Nacional de Paracas) Paracas Nature Reserve is located 247 kilometers south of Lima, in the province of Ica, 19 kilometers away from the city of Pisco, with a total area of 330,000 hectares. It is a famous tourist attraction on the Pacific Coast of Peru. The most fascinating place in the reserve is Bird Island, which consists of South Island, North Island, Middle Island and 6 reef islands. Among them, North Island is the largest, covering an area of 64 hectares and 11 kilometers away from the coast. An hour by yacht from Paracas Bay. The island is home to many endangered marine animals and birds, mainly seals, penguins, flamingos, turtles, dolphins, etc., among which the numerous seals are the most spectacular. Some daring seals will poke their heads around the cruise ship, which is very cute. The heights of the island are a paradise for seabirds. There are countless black and white seabirds, and one of the penguins is endemic to the area. There is a large amount of bird droppings on the island, which is a high-quality fertilizer and was the main natural resource developed by Peru in the 19th century. According to archaeologists, Paracas has a history of 5,000 years. On the way from Paracas Bay to Bird Island, people can see that there is a huge pattern on the slope of a small island, shaped like a candlestick or some like a cactus tree. Some archaeologists believe that it was used to navigate ships in the past, while others believe it was carved by aliens. What age this pattern was painted and what its function was still a mystery.

Since Paracas was discovered by a French tourist in the 1930s, the number of tourists visiting this landscape has increased year by year. In recent years, the Peruvian government has paid great attention to the development of tourism resources and has listed Paracas a national nature reserve. There is very little rainfall here and the sun shines brightly all year round.

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9. Nazca culture Nazca culture refers to the early and middle South America Indian culture located in the Nazca Valley on the south coast of Peru and the surrounding Pisco, Chincha, Ica and other valleys.(about 200 BC-600 AD). The unearthed cultural relics are mainly pottery. Nazca painted pottery is often painted in more than four colors. The paintings of people, animals, birds, fish, flowers, trees, etc. have a naturalistic style, but are relatively rigid and rigid. In the early days, Nazca pottery was mostly open bowls or double-mouthed cans with lifting beams, with simple and extensive paintings; in the later days, Nazca (Ica) pottery had more diverse shapes, and there were already some artifacts imitating human figures, with more exquisite patterns.

10. Lineas de Nazca was discovered in 1939 by American Paul Kosoko while studying ancient Indian irrigation systems in the Nazca region. It is located more than 300 kilometers south of Lima, the capital of Peru. It is a large number of huge lines ranging from tens of centimeters deep and hundreds of meters to several kilometers long scattered on 250 square kilometers of dry sandy surface. The main ones are straight straight lines and arrow shapes, but there are also other geometric patterns and animal patterns, such as hummingbirds, capuchin monkeys, etc. Due to its huge size, you need to fly in the air to see the whole picture. There are many speculations about the maker and purpose of the lines. The main speculation is that this is the work of the ancient Indians who created the Nazca culture. It is a unique astronomical calendar of the ancient people; or an Indian irrigation system; or a road, or it is related to the Indian religious sacrificial activities. Some people even think that it may be a spacecraft landing sign built by aliens. But judging from the figures on pottery left by the Nazca culture from the 3rd century BC to the 5th century AD, there is a close relationship between the Nazca culture and giant pictures. It is basically certain that the lines came from the hands of the ancients who created Nazca culture.

In 1932, German woman Maria Liche came to Peru to study Indian culture. In 1946, Liche settled in the Nazca region and began to study lines, and later published the book "The Secrets of Nazca Pampa in Peru". In order to protect the lines, she cleaned the sand and gravel covering it every day, all year round until her death in 1998. The Peruvian government held a special state funeral for her in recognition of her lifelong efforts to protect this civilized heritage. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization decided on December 14, 1994 to protect this relic as a cultural heritage of mankind.

11. Arequipa is the third largest city in Peru, the capital of the southern province of Arequipa, and one of the oldest cities in Peru. Located in a valley at an altitude of 2,300 meters at the foot of Misti Volcano. There is the snow-capped Misti volcano here, surrounded by peaks, green trees and quiet scenery. It is said that when Meita Capac, the highest ruler of the ancient Inca Empire, arrived here, he praised his entourage and said: "Arequipa", which means: "Okay, we will live here." The city's name comes from this sentence.

In 1510, Spanish colonists built a Spanish-style city on the site of this ancient Inca city. Most of the houses and churches in the city are built of white volcanic tuff, hence the name "White City". Due to many earthquakes, there are no high-rise buildings in churches and houses in the city. Most residential houses are bungalows, with small inner courtyards, flat roofs and small windows. In the center of the city is the Armed Forces Square, which has arcades on three sides and on one side stands the double-roofed Catholic Church built in 1612. Many narrow streets extend from here. The University of St. Augustine in the city has an Archaeology Museum, which collects many mummies and pottery from the Inca Empire era. There is also the Cadarina Monastery, a theater and some libraries. An old prison in the city has a handicraft center, with distinctive traditional feather products, as well as carpets and cloaks made of wool and camel hair by Indians. Near the city are hot springs and Inca cultural relics.

12. Ayacucho is a mountain city in south-central Peru, the capital and commercial center of Ayacucho province. It is located on the east slope of the West Cordiera Mountains at an altitude of 2,746 meters. There are rolling hills around it and 571 kilometers northwest of the capital Lima. When Spanish colonists built the city in 1539, it was called San Juan de la Frontera, and later renamed San Juan delia Victoria, also known as Wamanga.

On December 9, 1824, Sucre, the general of the Latin American Revolutionary Army, led his army to fight the Spanish colonial army in the village of Ayacucho, 12 miles northeast of the city, and won. After the war, the city was named the City of Ayacucho. The Spanish-style buildings here remain intact, with a strong religious atmosphere, and many churches, most of which are decorated with gorgeous murals. The old city is built around Sucre Park with churches, city halls, and government buildings. Many buildings are white. The city is also known for its dazzling markets and religious marching rituals.During the colonial period, it was already a cultural center. There is the University of Wamanga established in the early 17th century, a museum, and in Wali, 24 kilometers away from the city, there are prehistoric relics of the Inca Empire.

13. Huanuco is the capital of Vanuco Province in Peru. It is located in the intermountain basin in the upper reaches of the Wallaga River in central China, at an altitude of 1912 meters. In 1539, Spanish colonists built a city near the Stone City of Unuqué, the ancient city of the Inca Empire. This was the Old Vanuco City, 56 kilometers west of the current Vanuco City and later moved to its current site. It is one of the oldest Spanish cities in Latin America. There are many ancient Spanish churches in the city, the most famous of which are: the Church of San Cristobal and the Church of San Francisco. There is also a smaller National History Museum and other ancient buildings in the city. 5 kilometers away from the city, there is an ancient temple built in 1900 BC. There are stone statues with crossed hands in the temple. Therefore, it is called the Forkhand Temple and is the oldest temple in the Americas. There are small and medium light industries and food industries in the city.

14. Huanuco Viejo is one of the ruins of the Inca Empire in central Peru. It is located in the province of dos de Mayo, 140 kilometers away from the city of Vanuco. It was once known as the city of Unuquwe, also known as the city of Vanuco Pampa. It is an Indian city. It was built in the 15th century and was abandoned during the invasion of Spanish colonists in the 16th century. There were 3,500 buildings in the city and more than 500 round or square cellars were built. Among them, the most famous castle is the castle built with carved megalions. This castle covers an area of 2.5 square kilometers.

15. Zona de Amazonas del Perú The Amazon River means "river of smashed canoes" in Indian language. It originated in Peru and flows through Brazil into the sea. It has a total length of more than 6400 kilometers, and 680 kilometers in Peru. It is the largest river in the world, with a depth of 240 meters at its deepest point and a flow of 300,000 cubic meters per second during the rising season.

The river in the Iquitos area is about 3 kilometers wide and the water flow is stable. The west bank is the city of Ikito, and the east bank is the lush forest. There are no levees along the river, no formal docks, and boats are boarded and unloaded by old boats on fixed shore or small bridges tied together by several logs. In order to prevent houses from flooding when the river rises, people set up small wooden houses by the river, all supported by wooden piles. The wooden piles must be at least 2-3 meters above the water, and the living rooms are above them. Residents make a living by fishing and farming. They grow tropical fruits such as bananas, mangoes, citrus, and papaya, as well as rice, but they do not have rice fields. Every year when the river water drops, they sow rice seeds in the shallow water by the river ponds. When the water recedes from the ground, the rice seeds naturally sprout and grow. The local area calls such a floating village "Poor Venice." In addition to a few towns in the Amazon, 1200 tribes scattered across the country are still in a state of slash-and-burn cultivation. The top priority in developing Amazon is to strengthen its connections with the rest of Peru. At present, the roads built from the capital Lima and Iquitos are still more than 100 kilometers away from connecting. Highway traffic between the two cities needs to pass through other northern provinces and cities. The city of Iquitos has a population of 200,000 and is located in the heart of Peru's tropical forests. It is the commercial center of the Amazon region. It has a history of more than 120 years. As early as the rubber boom era at the beginning of this century, it was a lavish entertainment place for plantation owners and world businessmen. Some European buildings with carved murals still retain their charm. After the rubber boom, Iquitos experienced a depression. In order to stimulate the development of the local economy, the Peruvian government has implemented special economic policies here since the 1960s. There are now 4000 goods imported duty-free, making it a semi-free port. A large number of goods from Europe, America and Brazil poured into Iquitos, which was the reason for its market's prosperity. Iquitos is also the only city with international flights other than the capital Lima, with flights to Miami. There are many hotels with relatively complete facilities in the city and suburbs.

16. Lago Titicaca is the highest and largest freshwater lake in South America, and one of the highest freshwater lakes in the world. Located on the Coyo Plateau at the junction of Bolivia and Peru, it is known as the "Pearl of the Plateau". Legend has it that Ikaka, the daughter of the water god, fell in love with the young sailor Tito and became a couple. After the water god discovered it, he drowned Tito. Ikaka turned Tito into a hill, and he turned himself into a vast lake of tears. The Indians combined their names and called it the "Tikka" Lake. It covers an area of 8,330 square kilometers, has an altitude of 3,812 meters, and an average water depth of 100 meters, with a deepest point reaching 256 meters. Two-fifths of them are in Peru. The lake is surrounded by mountains and has beautiful scenery. The shores of the lake are winding and winding, forming many peninsulas and harbors. There are 45 rivers in Peru that flow into this lake, and only the Desaguadro River in the southeast corner is the outlet of the lake.

Lake Titicaca is one of the birthplaces of Indian culture in South America. The Indians call it the sacred lake. The Aymara believe that the gods they have worshipped for generations who created the sun and stars in the sky also came from the bottom of the lake. There are rich natural resources in the lake and along its coast. The dark blue cattails are a specialty of the lake area. They not only provide a simple and elegant piping on the lake shore, but also are an excellent material for weaving boats, cattails, walls and houses. Since ancient times, Indians have used cattails to weave small boats or rafts to fish in the lake. There are also dozens of "floating islands" in the lake inhabited by the Uro Indians. They are artificial islands made of cattails piled on the lake. The residents on the islands all make a living by fishing. There are 41 small islands in the lake. There are hillsides lined with huge rocks and fertile fields lined with green trees and fragrant grass, where birds inhabit.

Bolivia has the famous Sun Island and Moon Island, which are rich in Indian ruins. Moon Island has the remains of an ancient city dating back to BC, with exquisite and spectacular "golden walls", palaces, temples, pyramids and other stone buildings. Recently, the remains of an underwater ancient city, including tunnels, caves and carved walls, have been discovered at the bottom of the lake between Koa and Paliara Islands. There are newly built and comfortable hotels on the island of Estevez in Peru. Many towns around the lake have ancient Indian cultural sites. The Indians on the lakeshore have used bird droppings to grow crops such as corn and potatoes since ancient times. They have reached a high level in carving, architecture, metallurgy, and pottery making. This lake is navigable all year round and is an important transportation route connecting Peru and Bolivia. There are steamboats sailing regularly.