protein structure

The abnormal spatial structure of the protein may lead to the reduction and loss of its biological activity, and even lead to diseases. Mad cow disease, Alzheimer's disease, etc. are diseases caused by abnormal protein folding. How do proteins fold correctly inside cells? Why does this process sometimes fail? Research on the protein folding process over the past four decades has focused on how the denatured protein refolds when the denaturing agent is diluted with buffer. But such in vitro studies are far from true intracellular conditions. It is emphasized that the study of normal and abnormal folding of proteins in living cells, especially the participation of folding catalysts, molecular chaperones and macromolecules, is a current research hotspot in this field. Clarifying the process of protein folding in terms of