Customs and customs in Kyrgyzstan

The

the Kyrgyz Republic (Kyrgyz: К ы ргыз Республикас ы, Kyrgyzstan Respublikasy), commonly known as "Kyrgyzstan," Kyrgyzstan means "nomads on the grassland." The Kyrgyz people are called the Kirgiz people in China. Their traditions, language and religion are similar to the Kirgiz people in China and they all belong to the same ethnic group.

There are different opinions about its ethnic origin. The early ethnic history was related to the Xiongnu, Dingling, Wusun, and Serbian people. Later, after the Mongols entered Kazakhstan and Central Asia, some Turkic tribes gradually migrated westward and formed a nation after reaching the Pamirs Mountains. In the second half of the 15th century, the Kyrgyz nation basically took shape.

In the 16th century, he was oppressed by Tsarist Russia and moved from the upper reaches of the Yenisei River to his current place of residence. Soviet power was established in 1917; autonomous republic was established in 1926; it became a Union Republic on December 5, 1936; on December 12, 1990, the Republic issued the "Declaration of Sovereignty"; on August 31, 1991, independence was declared.

Kyrgyzstan is also a landlocked country in Central Asia, bordering Kazakhstan to the north, Uzbekistan to the west, Tajikistan to the southwest, and China to the east. Bishkek is the capital and largest city of Kyrgyzstan.

The population of Kyrgyzstan is approximately 5.7 million (2013). The main ethnic group is Kyrgyzstan, and the rest are Uzbeks, Russians and other ethnic groups. Kyrgyz is the national language, but Russian was still widely used as the official language under the influence of the Russianization policy in the first century. 64% of the population are non-sectarian Muslims. In addition to Turkic culture, Kyrgyz culture also accommodates and is influenced by Mongolian, Persian and Russian cultures.

The traditional costumes of the Kyrgyz people are an important part of their entire national culture. Men's traditional clothing is generally a robe on the upper body and a sheepskin coat; the lower body is made of cloth trousers, and leather trousers in winter. Wear leather or felt boots. Wear a leather hat or embroidered hat, and more often wear a hat called Karl Parker. The brim of this hat is made of white felt; the lower rim of the hat is inlaid with a black velvet, turned up, and opened with an opening on the left and right sides; the top of the hat is square in shape, decorated with beads and tassel ears. This Kalpak felt hat is a symbol of Kyrgyz people and other ethnic groups. The man wears a belt around his waist and hangs a knife on it.

Women generally wear large, brightly colored dresses with a knitted velvet or long velvet robe or small waistcoat, and bloomers under the robe. An embroidered apron with an open pluck is tied around the robe. Wear soft leather shoes and a coat with rubber overshoes. Young women generally prefer red and green headscarves, while older women often use white headscarves.

Kyrgyz people now generally wear modern clothing, but only the elderly and some middle-aged people still like to wear traditional national clothing. Moreover, Kyrgyz people attach great importance to clothes and hats. They believe that it is impolite to throw hats casually, take the wrong hat, or walk without wearing a hat. People can't jump over clothes.

站图片位置Kyrgyz people are cheerful and pay attention to food and clothing in consumption. If they have savings, farmers generally buy livestock, while most urban residents buy houses and land. Or buy gold and silver to preserve value. When meeting guests in social occasions, usually handshake. When meeting relatives and friends, you often place your right hand on your chest and bow as a courtesy, and at the same time say good wishes. In public places, they pay great attention to being civilized and generous. In their view, picking your teeth, picking your nostrils, spitting or picking your ears in front of everyone is a disgusting and indecent act.

Folk marriage customs in Kyrgyzstan are extremely complex. There are also four types of marriages: finger-belly marriage, cradle marriage, childhood marriage and adult marriage. Early marriage is relatively common. The so-called finger-belly marriage means that when the child is not yet born, both parents arrange the engagement. In this case, the parents of both parties swore to marry forever and held a certain ceremony to confirm the engagement in public: both parents bit the bow and arrow with their teeth; the so-called cradle marriage refers to the engagement of the baby. Parents of both men and women call each other in-laws and in-laws. The man's parents put silver earrings on the woman, the baby girl.

No matter what form of engagement, the man must pay a betrothal gift to the woman. The bride price is mainly livestock or property, and the number of various livestock and property should be 9 or a multiple of 9. But Kyrgyz people usually rarely marry Russians, and even fewer now, as they did during the Soviet Union. When a Russian girl marries into a Kyrgyz family, she does not necessarily believe in Islam, but she must give up her original religious beliefs.

Some backward rural areas still retain a traditional "custom". As long as a man likes a girl, he can "kidnap" him on the street and take her home as a wife. Young Kyrgyz women may be "robbed" on their way to work and school. Even at home, they may not be very safe, and they may be robbed into houses. Because "marriage robbery" seriously violates the woman's will, it has legal protection in modern society. If the woman insists on resisting without success, she can still solve it through the law.

Kyrgyz people also regard a woman's childbirth as the most important and happiest event in family life. Therefore, before giving birth, try your best to protect pregnant women from heavy housework and prevent pregnant women from leaving the village alone. Do everything possible to protect pregnant women from demons and ghosts. Pregnant women must hang on their clothes an amulet called TyMap with a motto to protect women from the Koran, and an exorcism made of bear claws and carved osprey claws.

In order to protect the pregnant woman from the devil during her childbirth, fires were made in the yurt day and night. There is a knife lying next to the stove with the blade facing the door. A live-ammunition musket hangs on the grid-like skeleton of the yurt, that is, above the head of the pregnant woman. It is said that these things can exorcise evil spirits. However, no one is allowed to see strangers 40 days after the baby is born. After 40 days, relatives and friends come to congratulate and slaughter sheep to entertain guests. After the baby is washed and placed in the cradle grandly, it is called the "cradle entering ceremony".

Children who have just learned to walk have a "rope ceremony": parents avoid themselves, grandparents preside over it, and neighborhood children are called to participate. First, the little master's legs were tied with ropes, and then the children ran from 20 meters to untie the ropes, and the child began to walk. To hold this kind of child walking ceremony, you also need to slaughter sheep and treat guests.

According to local Muslim custom, tea is served first during the banquet, then fat sheep tails and mutton offal are served, then soup is served, and finally mutton is served. Eating mutton is quite particular: the 12 parts of the sheep have their own names. The owner distributes mutton to different parts according to the guests 'identity, seniority and age. The most distinguished guests were given a sheep's head with one ear, and the other ear was given to the children before meals to make them obedient.

Distinguished guests can also share the ears on the sheep's head to everyone. Eyes were dug out for women to eat so that they could see the most beautiful thing. Cut off his tongue and give it to the girls to eat so that they can speak sweetly. This banquet custom also varies from place to place. For example, sheep's heads are not served during banquets in Osh, but sheep's heads are given to the youngest young men in Issyk Lake, and to the highly respected elders in Naryn Oblast.

The eating habits of people in Kyrgyzstan are generally similar to those of people in other Central Asian countries. The staple food eaten by people in Kyrgyzstan is generally pasta, supplemented by rice. Their favorite foods are baked cakes and pilaf rice. In terms of meat, Kyrgyzstan people prefer mutton, beef and chicken. Among them,"representative works" include roasted whole sheep, hand-grabbed meat, roasted beef, etc. The vegetables they like to eat are mainly tomatoes, cucumbers, potatoes, carrots and cabbage. Generally speaking, they have strong tastes, do not avoid greasy food, and like to eat spicy food. During meals, they usually eat with their right hand.

The drinks of Kyrgyzstan people include milk tea, yogurt, horse milk, etc. Milk tea made with brick tea and milk is the most popular. Muslims in Kyrgyzstan also avoid eating pork, things that die of themselves, animal blood and things that are slaughtered without chanting the name of Allah, and alcohol. Other people generally do not eat dog meat, donkey meat, snail meat, sea cucumber, jellyfish and squid.

Kyrgyzstan people love horses very much and regard them as a symbol of good luck. Uzbeks in Kyrgyzstan worship wolves very much. They regard the wolf as the embodiment of God and as a symbol of their own nation, while they regard themselves as the wolf's "good men and women." Adult Uzbeks often carry wolf teeth, wolf claws and wolf tails and give them as gifts to others.

When it comes to green, Kyrgyzstan people have a strong preference for green. They believe that green is the color of life and symbolizes beauty and luck. The color they taboo is black because black is regarded as the embodiment of death. They also advocate using only your right hand when handing over objects or shaking hands. If you use your left hand to do these things, you will definitely be very dissatisfied. They are disgusted with pointing people out and making irresponsible remarks. Think this is a deliberate insulting behavior.

The tragedy of families and families in Kyrgyzstan is the death of someone. If a young person or a prime person dies, relatives will be even more saddened. Funeral activities are carried out step by step in accordance with procedures. Generally, when people are dying, they must first invite an Islamic imam to read the Koran, and at the same time put 40 tablespoons of salt water into the mouth of the dying person (Kyrgyz people believe that 40 is an auspicious number).

As soon as a person dies, immediately lay his hands and feet, tie his legs and fingers, and close his mouth. The lights in the house were always on for 40 days, and the bodies were wrapped in white cloth. When mourning the dead, women are not allowed to wear jewelry and black clothes (any other color is okay); men are not allowed to go bald and must wear hats. Men enter the condolence tent and stay for a while and then come out. Women have to sit for 5 minutes before coming out.

Burial was carried out in Kyrgyzstan. The deceased was wrapped in a 40-meter-long white cloth, and his inner and outer clothes were sewn with white cotton cloth. When the body was placed in the tomb, it was seated, facing the sunrise sun. When holding a funeral, horses must be slaughtered to entertain guests. After death, there is a small sacrifice every 3 days, a sacrifice every 7 days, a major sacrifice every 40 days, and an anniversary sacrifice every 365 days.