Top Ten Strange Customs in the Wei and Jin Dynasties Romantic "Shi Shuo Xin Yu"
The Wei and Jin Dynasties were one of the most turbulent periods in China's history. Political darkness and ideological liberation were two prominent characteristics of this period. Tang Yongtong once said in "Essay on Metaphysics in the Wei and Jin Dynasties":"After the end of the Han Dynasty, China's politics was chaotic and the country declined, but its thoughts were very free and liberated. The freedom and liberation of this thought is based on people's demand to escape suffering. Therefore, chaos and decline have a causal relationship with freedom and liberation."
Only in this way did later generations have the saying of "the romance of the Wei and Jin Dynasties". Celebrities in the Wei and Jin Dynasties had a spiritual outlook, words and behaviors that were different from customs and even different from any historical period. They used their own words, deeds, poems, etc. to artistic their lives and pursue artistic lives. It is specifically manifested in the publicity of individual life consciousness, which has shifted from focusing on the moral demeanor under traditional Confucian education to a life modality that advocates the appearance and spiritual temperament of characters.
Liu Qiang, the keynote speaker of the 100 forums, recently launched the book "Ten Lectures on the Romance of the Wei and Jin Dynasties: Strange Customs in" Shi Shuo Xin Yu "(China Youth Publishing House, 2014), which summarizes the strange and interesting things of the Wei and Jin Dynasties into ten strange customs, and provides a vivid modern interpretation in the form of a special speech.
"Beauty Style". This is about the appreciation of male beauty during the Wei and Jin Dynasties. The author starts with the story of "watching and killing Wei Jie" and traces it back to the stories of Song Yu and Zou Ji during the Warring States Period, and combs out the physiological standards for appreciating male beauty in history: that is, white skin, tall figure; and from the deeds of Wang Rong, Pei Kai, Pan Yue and other characters, it discusses the importance of the inner spiritual temperament reflected by bright eyes and manners. In the author's writing, the beauty style of the Wei and Jin Dynasties greatly promoted the development of aesthetics in China.
"The style of taking medicine." This is mainly about the drug "five stones powder". Taking "Wang Lantian eating chicken seeds" as an example, it shows that the manic temperament of scholars in the Wei and Jin Dynasties has a lot to do with the consumption of "Wushi Powder". Through the stories of Huan Xuan, Pei Xiu, Wang Gong, Wang Xizhi and others taking it, the "physiological complications" and "cultural sequelae" caused by Wushisan are analyzed. The style of taking medicine among celebrities in the Wei and Jin Dynasties is not only an important part of the style of scholars in the Wei and Jin Dynasties, but the various negative effects it brings are also worthy of people's reflection.
"The Style of Drinking". From the stories of brothers Dongfang Shuo and Zhong, we summarize the functions of wine in ancient society to relieve worries and achieve rituals. Through Ruan Ji's drinking story, we explain an important feature of the drinking style in the Wei and Jin Dynasties, that is, drinking gradually evolved from a group ritual."Cheng Li" prop of ritual to a "Yue Li" medium that liberates personality and promotes self-publicity. And from the deeds of drunkards in the Wei and Jin Dynasties such as "Liu Ling's illness" and "people and pigs drinking together", we analyze the real inner world of the Wei and Jin Dynasties celebrities under the arrogant personality and spirit.
"The style of appointment". "Ren birthday" means being appointed and being generous, that is, words and deeds are "out of line" and express "alternative". The source of its cultural thoughts can be traced back to Zhuangzi. Wang Can had a hobby of "good donkey crowing", and behind Cao Pi's absurd and rude behavior of "donkey crowing" contained a true temperament that transcended the shackles of etiquette. The book quotes stories such as Wang Xizhi, a famous scholar in the Eastern Jin Dynasty,"The Fast Son-in-Law in the East Bed" and Wang Ziyou's "Visiting Dai on a Snowy Night", showing the elegant and elegant demeanor of the famous scholars in the Wei and Jin Dynasties.
"The style of reclusive style". Starting with the story of "Guan Ning cutting off his seat", we believe that the underlying reason for Guan Ning cutting off diplomatic relations was not that Hua Xin had shortcomings or problems, but that Guan Ning discovered through two small things that he and Hua Xin had different aspirations and incompatible ways. Guan Ning's ambition was closely related to the reclusive culture popular in the late Han and Wei Dynasties. Reclusion culture is a cultural phenomenon with the most legendary, transcendental and romantic temperament in China's traditional culture. Famous ancient hermits such as Xu You, Chaofu, Boyi, Shuqi, Yan Ziling, etc. were all "people with aspirations." What is actually revealed here is the spiritual essence of ancient hermits and reclusive culture.
"Taste style". This was the custom of evaluating figures, identifying talents, and predicting development in the late Han and Wei Dynasties. Cao Cao became famous through the introduction of Qiao Xuan, a famous minister in the late Han Dynasty, and the evaluation given by commentator Xu Shao that "a capable minister in governing the world, a villain in troubled times", and gradually reached the peak of his life. The stories of Guo Tai and Pei Qian's recognition of people also reflect the profound cultural background of the culture of recognition and recognition. Another part of identifying characters is to evaluate characters, that is, compare one person with another to determine their advantages and disadvantages, elegance and popularity. Among them, the "Elegance pk" between Wang Ziyou and Wang Zijing, Zu Yue and Nguyen Phu, Xie An and Wang Tanzhi is the most thrilling.
"The style of clear discussion." This refers to a kind of upright political atmosphere, which aims to stir up the turbid and promote the right path, and mainly focuses on criticizing real politics and the figures in the dynasty. At the end of the Han Dynasty, a large number of upright scholar-officials, in order to safeguard the Confucian tradition and the lifeline of the dynasty, united 30,000 Taizu students to participate in political affairs, lash out corruption, and launched a verbal and written campaign against the eunuch group. The celebrities who participated in the Qingyi Movement were called "Qingliu". They were noble and clean people who did not collude with eunuchs. Li Ying and Kong Rong were two important figures in the Qing Dynasty in the late Han Dynasty. The book reviews the story of the Qing Dynasty people fighting against the eunuch group in the late Han Dynasty, and finally killed themselves and sacrificed their lives for righteousness.
"The style of clear talk." Qing Tan in the Wei and Jin Dynasties was an academic social activity conducted by aristocrats and intellectuals in the Wei and Jin Dynasties, mainly discussing the philosophy of life, society, and the universe, and using rhetoric skills as the basic method. In the late Han Dynasty, the style of clear discussion was suppressed by two "disasters caused by party bans". Intellectuals no longer dared to discuss politics. Therefore, the "clear discussion style" of clear discussion emerged among celebrities, which talked about mystery, reasoned, and sat down to discuss Tao. In particular, the spirit of truth-seeking, freedom, equality, and innovation is reflected in He Yan, Wang Bi, Ruan Xiu, and Le Guang. It is they who promote the progress of China's speculative philosophy and inject new vitality into China thought and culture.
"Luxury style". In the Wei and Jin Dynasties,"luxury" prevailed among the upper aristocrats. The chapter "Shishuo·Eliminating Luxury" records many "nouveau riche" and "prodigal families". This style of luxury first began with Emperor Cao Rui of Wei Ming, especially during the Western Jin Dynasty, when the style of luxury grew day by day from emperors, ministers in the court to other dignitaries. The wealthy families were as rich as the enemy's country, and they began to compete for wealth and show off their wealth. Upstart Shi Chong and Wang Ji are representatives of them. The style of luxury is a total explosion of human weakness, and the thinking it brings to future generations is complex.
"Art Style". The artistic style permeated the entire Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, especially during the Wei and Jin Dynasties for more than two hundred years. Almost all artistic styles achieved unprecedented prosperity and achieved brilliant achievements. Architectural sculpture, calligraphy and painting, poetry and Fu, music and dance, masters have emerged in large numbers, and the stars are shining. There are Ji Kang and Wang Ziyou in the piano, Wang Dao and Xie An in the chess, Wei Dan and Wang Xizhi in the books, Dai Kui and Gu Kaizhi in the paintings... The artistic style of the Wei and Jin Dynasties has been influenced to this day.
Many of the above ten ethos have been discussed by predecessors, and some of them are widely known. However, it reflects the spirit and realm of the parties involved, which people today may not fully understand. At that time, there were no spotlight, no commercial hype, only a love for beautiful things, an appreciation of noble temperament, and an admiration for outstanding talents.