[Nanyu Yang Yongchun] Intangible Cultural Heritage Protection of the Northwest Silk Road
Intangible cultural heritage is in a worrying situation amid the impact of change
The ancient Silk Road started from Chang 'an, the ancient capital of China, in the east, and went straight to Europe through South Asia and Central Asia in the west.
It has a total length of more than 7,000 kilometers, and it is nearly 4,000 kilometers in China.
The Silk Road was ancient China's window to the world.
On this road, ancient China was able to blend with Western civilization and jointly promote the development of world civilization.
The Silk Road has played an immeasurable and huge role in promoting the economic development, social civilization, and scientific and technological progress of countries along the route.
It has been praised by Chinese and foreign scholars as a bridge for economic and trade exchanges between the East and the West, a canal for cultural exchanges between the East and the West, and a link for scientific and technological exchanges between the East and the West.
The intangible cultural heritage contained along the Silk Road not only occupies an extremely important position in the Chinese national culture, but also is a wonderful treasure in the treasure house of human intangible cultural heritage.
The five provinces and regions of Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, Qinghai, and New Northwest have a vast territory and have long lived in more than 20 ethnic groups, including Han, Hui, Uyghur, Tibetan, Mongolian, Sala, Dongxiang, Baoan, Yugu, and Kazakh.
It has a long history and splendid culture, especially the oral inheritance and intangible cultural heritage of various ethnic minorities.
Folk songs in the "Hua 'er" style involving eight ethnic groups spread in Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia and Xinjiang, folk songs in northern Shaanxi and eastern Gansu, as well as ethnic folk instrumental music (ancient Xun, Kouxian) and drum music; myths and legends about the Queen Mother of the West, Fuxi, Yellow Emperor, Zhou Zu, etc.; The graceful folk dances of all ethnic groups (banquet music, step dance, yangko, Taiping drum), ingenious crafts and handicrafts (Tibetan Regong art, weaving, sculpture, cutting and carving, embroidery), folk entertainment, etc., have all inherited the wisdom and wisdom of the ancestors of all ethnic groups in the northwest region, presenting the colorful and multicultural pattern of the Chinese nation.
With the impact of economic globalization, foreign cultures and lifestyles, Western cultural concepts and values, as well as the progress of social life, the improvement of productivity levels and changes in lifestyles, the intangible cultural heritage containing the national spiritual home along the Northwest Silk Road has been violently impacted.
Some traditional cultures carrying a long history have been continuously abandoned and quietly disappeared.
Some traditional folk cultures have become increasingly declining, diluted, distorted, ignored, and neglected.
Due to the influence of natural conditions, religious beliefs, historical changes and other factors, folk art with distinctive regional colors and national characteristics created by the hard-working and intelligent people of all ethnic groups in Northwest China is rapidly losing out and is on the verge of extinction.
Many folk skills are dying out, and a large number of folk artifacts have been lost.
There is a lack of intangible cultural heritage education and talent training systems, and inheritance channels are not smooth; Intangible cultural heritage such as intangible customs and habits, social etiquette, folk art costumes, and traditional crafts are not aware of its deep value; Oral literature along the Northwest Silk Road has naturally lost, and there are few folk artists who have mastered certain traditional artistic skills, and there are few successors; traditional theater and performance art is gradually disappearing.
Gansu Longdong shadow puppets and Ningxia Hui folk instrumental music were able to perform more than 100 plays in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, but now the best artists can only perform more than 20 plays;"Tang He Qu", which reproduces Chang 'an music in the Tang Dynasty, is difficult to hear its "sound of Huanpei" with the death of its successor; the speed at which folk paper-cuts disappear is vividly called by some experts as "plows and flowers fall everywhere in the spring breeze"; Gansu's unique ethnic languages: small ethnic languages such as Dongxiang, Baoan, and Yugu are facing the danger of increasing assimilation and loss.
The impact of information media and foreign culture, the fragility of its own communication methods and the lack of awareness of laws, policies, and public protection.
The intangible cultural heritage of the Northwest Region is facing convergence or extinction with foreign culture.
The provinces in the Northwest Region are basically independent development and operation for their own interests, blindly pursuing short-term benefits, and artificially accelerating the destruction of intangible cultural heritage.
The protection of intangible cultural heritage is worrying, and heritage protection is imminent.
Protecting and developing intangible cultural heritage has become an inevitable cultural appeal.
We should stand at the height of responsibility to the nation and future generations and conscientiously do a good job in the protection and inheritance of intangible cultural heritage.
It is urgent to establish a protection system for inheritors
Establish a scientific and effective protection system for inheritors of intangible cultural heritage in the Northwest Region and implement personalized carrier protection.
Intangible cultural heritage inheritors are individuals or groups that directly participate in the inheritance of intangible cultural heritage and enable intangible cultural heritage to be inherited.
They are the most important living carriers of intangible cultural heritage.
The protection of intangible cultural heritage is mainly living protection, and the key is the protection of the inheritors.
If there are no inheritors, the living culture will be immediately interrupted.
The most fundamental measure to establish and improve the training mechanism for inheritors is to protect inheritors and cultivate new inheritors, and try to ensure that this living heritage can be inherited and extended.
On the one hand, it is necessary to establish a inheritor protection system suitable for the Northwest Region, clarify the status of inheritors, provide necessary financial assistance to intangible inheritors in terms of skills transfer, living subsidies, equipment renewal, etc., protect the inheritors 'establishment ceremonies and adult etiquette, solve the welfare benefits of old inheritors, encourage them to pass on, help, and lead future generations, strive to cultivate and create a new generation of inheritors, identify and train inheritors, and ensure that social status, economic security, Policy support and institutional guarantees should be provided to inheritors in terms of professional and technical qualifications; on the other hand, it is necessary to establish a reasonable and feasible inheritance mechanism to help establish training bases and master-apprentice relationships, cultivate successors through teaching, teaching apprentices, etc., and improve their knowledge, skills and cultural awareness so that their skills can be passed on well.
Only when inheritors and successors of intangible cultural heritage are paid attention to can a comprehensive intangible cultural heritage protection and inheritance system be built, and through social and school education, the inheritance of representative works of intangible cultural heritage can be achieved.
Build an industrialization system for the protection of intangible cultural heritage in the Northwest Region and implement industrialization carrier protection.
Through industrial development, we can promote the dynamic and sustainable development of intangible cultural heritage, and organically integrate intangible cultural heritage resources that were originally scattered in various places, thereby achieving certain scale benefits and saving social and economic costs.
We should be rooted in the pulling role of industrialization, use the carrier of industrialization, especially the dual pull of the development of modern tourism and cultural industries, increase market operations, fully tap and utilize the intangible cultural resources of the Northwest Region, and realize the "positive interaction" between cultural industries and tourism industries, and then realize the extension of the "industrial chain".
From the perspective of industrialization, intangible cultural heritage contains cultural, artistic, and economic values.
Combine it with the market to establish management mechanisms and income distribution systems such as evaluation, monitoring, and regulation of intangible cultural heritage after marketization, and avoid Simply develop for the purpose of profit, develop while protecting, protect while developing, formulate development plans and reasonable layout for industrial operations to avoid decentralized operations and extend the industrial chain of cultural products; Seek space for the inheritance and dissemination of intangible cultural heritage in the new environment through industrialization means, truly improve the public's understanding and understanding of intangible cultural heritage, and achieve dual interaction and virtuous cycles between intangible cultural heritage protection and industrial operation., gain the power for sustainable development.
Scientifically implement the protection of intangible cultural heritage
Introduce high-tech technology to materialize carrier protection of intangible cultural heritage in the Northwest Region.
In the process of developing intangible cultural heritage tourism, the Northwest Region should strengthen the support of scientific and technological forces, actively introduce high-tech means, and use high-tech means to rescue and protect original and non-renewable intangible cultural heritage; and For intangible culture that can be replicated, do not abuse high technology to imitate, otherwise the intangible cultural heritage will lose its original meaning; With the help of the latest digital information and network technology and virtual reality technology, strengthen the preservation and protection of the existence forms of intangible cultural heritage, and commit to research and development of digital protection technology for intangible cultural heritage; Complete the digital preservation and archiving of intangible cultural heritage, conduct academic classification of intangible cultural heritage in the Northwest Region, conduct three-dimensional recording and census combining pictures, texts, sound and images, use digital methods to organize, analyze and store, preserve documents, pictures, sounds, images and historical data, and establish various databases of graphics, text, audio and video; Establish a database and performance and inheritance center for intangible cultural heritage, such as virtual restoration and evolution simulation technology, which can be applied to all aspects such as on-site investigation and protection and restoration of endangered heritage to achieve virtual restoration and evolution simulation of artworks; The Northwest Region can jointly establish an intangible cultural heritage website with unique northwest characteristics and build a good online cultural environment for protecting intangible cultural heritage.
It is an extension of intangible cultural heritage information resources and theoretical scientific research databases, and consciously forms the whole society to protect intangible cultural heritage.
atmosphere.
Scientific and moderate tourism development of the connotation of intangible cultural heritage in Northwest China.
Tourism development of intangible cultural heritage refers to an act of transforming intangible cultural heritage with development value into tourism resources and developing it into products or projects with tourism appeal.
The protection and development of intangible cultural heritage can increase the appeal and cultural connotation of tourism resources, improve the level of tourism development, promote the development of tourism economy, and enhance the image of tourism destinations.
Organically combine the protection of intangible cultural heritage in the Northwest Region with tourism development, give the intangible cultural heritage distinctive regional characteristics and cultural connotations in tourism development, so that the intangible cultural heritage maintains its original vitality and vitality, and has the soil on which to survive.
The breadth and depth of inheritance.
The Northwest Region should make use of its unique original ecological tourism resources, strive to explore and utilize the rich connotation and humanistic charm of intangible cultural heritage resources, make full use of excellent traditional performing art forms that are popular with local people to develop tourism projects, and form an attractive folk art tourism classic scenic spot; The protection of intangible cultural heritage mainly adopts five methods: rescue preservation, museum preservation, inheritance from teaching institutions, school education inheritance, and folk living protection.
These five protection methods can be combined with tourism.
Through tourism, people can understand the essence of intangible cultural heritage and be carried out in accordance with the cultural space of "original person, original place, original time, and original flavor" that respects the heritage.
Let static protection and dynamic protection based on private industry development complement each other.
Moderate tourism development is an effective way to promote the protection of intangible cultural heritage, and development must be benign, reasonable and sustainable.
The strong guidance of the government, the participation and supervision of the public and inheritors, expert guidance, enterprise operation, and active participation of tourists constitute the intangible cultural heritage protection and development system.
Scientific implementation of intangible cultural heritage protection is related to national cultural security, harmonious social development and the blood inheritance of national culture.
Building a protection system for intangible cultural heritage along the Northwest Silk Road is an important part of the country's political, economic and energy development strategies, and is an inevitable cultural appeal for promoting the national spirit and independent and sustainable development.
Protecting intangible cultural heritage is an important cultural foundation for strengthening national emotional bonds, enhancing national unity, maintaining national unity and social stability.
It is of great significance for us to understand the true meaning of national culture, improve the quality of national culture, enhance national self-confidence and cohesion, and carry forward the national spirit.
Even the revitalization of the Chinese nation.
Intangible cultural heritage develops through protection, innovates through inheritance, and moves towards the path of sustainable development while adhering to the people-oriented approach.
Only by establishing an effective inheritance mechanism, raising public awareness of protection, actively giving full play to public participation, and forming a social environment and public opinion atmosphere for protecting intangible cultural heritage in the whole society can intangible cultural heritage adapt to the new historical trend and find a path for self-development.
(Author/Nan Yu, Associate Professor, School of Tourism, Northwest Normal University; Yang Yongchun, PhD, Professor, School of Resources and Environment, Lanzhou University)