Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Ethnic Minorities: Problems, Suggestions and Countermeasures

In recent years, gratifying results have been achieved in the protection of ethnic minority intangible cultural heritage.

A large number of ethnic minority intangible cultural heritage has been selected into world-class and national-level protection lists.

The value of ethnic minority intangible cultural heritage has been continuously explored and recognized, and protection measures have been continuously strengthened, and the cultural events, ethnic groups and regions involved are also constantly expanding.

Through the statistics and collation of relevant literature on the research of ethnic minority intangible cultural heritage in recent years, we can see that there are still some problems in the protection of ethnic minority intangible cultural heritage, and there are also some suggestions and countermeasures.

Qin Zhipeng of Guangxi University for Nationalities wrote that in my country's practice of protecting the intangible cultural heritage of ethnic minorities, the problems mainly include: weak awareness of the protection of intangible cultural heritage, not only the lack of unity and coordination of the protection subjects, but also the appearance of simple protection from time to time.

The phenomenon of cultural fragmentation; the weakening of the competitiveness of intangible cultural heritage; the relative lag in the construction of relevant legal systems.

Zhang Ying and Gao Yun of the Central University for Nationalities, while affirming that my government has paid more attention to the protection of intangible cultural heritage in recent years, pointed out that the current deficiencies and limitations in the protection of intangible cultural heritage are mainly reflected in: first, the lack of sufficient financial support; Second, the lack of manpower and talents; third, the protection legal and regulatory system has not yet been established and improved; fourth, the mass awareness of the concept of protecting intangible cultural heritage is weak; fifth, conflicts of interest among government departments.

Gao Yongzheng and Zhu Jun from the Center for Ethnic Studies of Nankai University analyzed the current situation of legal protection of intangible cultural heritage in China, pointing out that there are problems in the legal protection of intangible cultural heritage of ethnic minorities in my country.

First, the legislative level is low and there is a lack of an intangible cultural heritage protection.

Basic law; Second, protection is emphasized over inheritance, and legal protection is still in the static protection stage; Third, public law protection is emphasized over private law protection, and intellectual property and civil protection lag behind; Fourth, imperfect legislation leads to judicial relief difficulties and the law enforcement situation is unsatisfactory.

Chen Tingliang of Three Gorges University and Zhang Lei of the Central University for Nationalities summarized the endangered status of the intangible cultural heritage resources of ethnic minorities in western Hunan and the problems existing in the protection and inheritance of the intangible cultural heritage resources.

They believed that the impact of economic globalization and modernization on the world's intangible cultural heritage and The elimination is very serious.

The progress of the times, the impact of multiculturalism, the sharp decline of inheritors, and the fragility of the protection mechanism caused by factors such as economic underdevelopment, financial difficulties and lack of protection awareness in ethnic areas are accelerating the extinction and extinction of the intangible cultural heritage of ethnic minorities in western Hunan.

Through in-depth investigation, they found that although the folk intangible cultural heritage resources of the Tujia and Miao people in western Hunan are rich, the speed at which they are endangered and disappear is very alarming.

The endangerment of national languages has caused many intangible cultural heritage of ethnic minorities in Xiangxi to disappear or disappear; the continuous reduction and aging of inheritors have caused the intangible cultural heritage of ethnic minorities in Xiangxi to face an inheritance crisis; the impact of industrial civilization and multiculturalism has caused the intangible cultural heritage of ethnic minorities in Xiangxi to disintegrate rapidly; there is a gap between school education and the inheritance of excellent intangible cultural heritage of ethnic and folk groups; the problems of "reaffirming light protection" and "protective destruction" are still prominent.

Tian Qing, director of the Intangible Cultural Heritage Protection Center of China Academy of Art, thought about the way out for national music from the perspective of protecting intangible cultural heritage.

He believes that both national instrumental music and national vocal music are now facing huge difficulties.

National music must adhere to the development direction of nationalization and diversification.

Our music must not only be in line with international standards but also be in line with national traditions.

Regarding the protection of my country's intangible cultural heritage, especially the intangible cultural heritage of ethnic minorities, Feng Jicai, vice chairman of the China Federation of Literary and Art Circles, put forward suggestions including: First, speed up the protection legislation of intangible cultural heritage; Second, the modernization of ethnic regional autonomous areas must adhere to the overall harmonious development concept; Third, the protection of intangible cultural heritage must be systematic; Fourth, we must pay attention to some important national cultural forms and rescue and protect them in a timely manner; The fifth is to provide relevant courses in school education across the country.

Shi Yazhou of the Central University for Nationalities made suggestions on the protection of Tujia intangible cultural heritage: updating concepts and raising awareness; and establishing an overall linkage and coordination mechanism in Tujia areas.

From the perspective of the overall development of Tujia culture, it is very necessary and feasible to establish a linkage and coordination mechanism among four provinces, cities, prefectures and counties; establish a multi-level protection mechanism, namely government, legislation, utilization, science and technology, classification, non-governmental and regional protection; Actively encourage non-governmental participation.

Qin Zhipeng pointed out in his article that to protect the intangible cultural heritage of ethnic minorities, we must first abide by objective laws and establish a sense of protecting the intangible cultural heritage of ethnic minorities.

The second is to give full play to the leading role of the government and improve the protection mechanism.

Strengthen leadership and coordination and strive to build a protection pattern for the intangible cultural heritage of ethnic minorities, including strengthening the role of cultural administrative departments, integrating the protection of intangible cultural minorities into the overall assessment system of social development, and becoming a long-term task for the cultural department.

Work; Actively build a protection network and improve management institutions; Cultural administrative departments at all levels strengthen macro guidance, build hierarchical protection networks, improve associations and organizations, effectively assume leadership responsibilities and provide guidance and support from a macro and organizational perspective; mobilize government departments in ethnic minority areas to protect the intangible cultural heritage of ethnic minorities.

Enthusiasm and initiative, cultivate professional talents, increase investment, establish special funds for protection, and strengthen education on the intangible cultural heritage of ethnic minorities.

The third is to improve the competitiveness of ethnic minority intangible cultural heritage and gradually realize industrialized protection and development.

Chen Haigen, director of the Inner Mongolia Artists Association, proposed to strengthen the protection of the intangible cultural heritage of ethnic minorities by "strengthening research, strengthening preservation, and strengthening dissemination." Chen Tingliang and Zhang Lei put forward their thoughts on the protection and inheritance of the intangible cultural heritage of ethnic minorities in Xiangxi.

It is believed that the principles of "authenticity","integrity","interpretability" and "sustainability" must be followed; the legislative protection and law enforcement supervision of intangible cultural heritage must be further strengthened; the publicity of protection and inheritance must be increased; the public's cultural consciousness will make the protection of intangible cultural heritage deeply rooted in the hearts of the people; the establishment of a cultural ecology museum to protect the intangible cultural heritage of ethnic minorities in western Hunan in its original place, so that the roots of intangible cultural heritage are connected and continuous; Make full use of market-oriented operation methods to realize the value conversion of ethnic and folk intangible cultural heritage resources; protect and encourage inheritors of folk culture to actively teach ethnic and folk culture and art.

Our country has a vast territory, many ethnic groups, and diverse cultures.

The intangible cultural heritage of various ethnic minorities is rich and colorful and has different forms.

This is not only an important feature and excellent advantage of my country's intangible cultural heritage, but also a protection for my country's ethnic minorities.

Research has brought difficulties and put forward higher requirements.

Although my country's research on the protection of intangible cultural heritage has achieved fruitful results, compared with the practical requirements for the protection of intangible cultural heritage, there is still considerable gap in theory and practice.

This is also the place where future research needs to be strengthened and improved.