Guide to Tourist Attractions in Chad

N 'Djamena N' Djamena is the capital and largest city of Chad. It is located on the northeast side of the confluence of the Logong and Shali Rivers on the western border. The area is 15 square kilometers. The population is approximately 510,000. Tropical grassland climate, the average temperature in January is 23.9℃, and the average temperature in July is 27.8℃. The average annual precipitation is 744 mm. Historically, it was an important caravan trade stop on the southern edge of the Sahara Desert. France established a military base here in 1900, named it the Unity Sculpture Fort in Rami N'Djamena. It has been the colonial capital since 1920. Chad became the capital after independence in 1960. The name was changed in 1973.

N'Djamena is also Chad's largest industrial center and transportation hub. It gathers most of the newly built industrial enterprises in the country, including large-scale oil extraction, flour, textiles and meat processing, as well as sugar refining, shoe making, bicycle assembly, etc. Small and medium-sized enterprises. There is the country's largest N'Djamena power plant. Main roads lead to major cities in the country and neighboring countries such as Nigeria. The country's largest river terminal and the only international airport. The downtown area is the seat of government agencies, with regular street layout and many European buildings. It is a Western residential area with luxury hotels and villas. The eastern district is a cultural and educational district, with Chad universities and various technical schools, as well as museums, stadiums and hospitals. The North District has the largest area and is a place where locals live and a commercial district. The northwest is a factory area with large slaughtering and cold storage yards, oil warehouses, etc.

Lake Chad Lake Chad is the fourth largest lake in Africa. It is an inland freshwater lake located in central and northern Africa, at the junction of Chad, Cameroon, Niger and Nigeria, and in the center of the Chad Basin. Chad translates it as water in the local language and uses it as the name of the lake, meaning "an ocean". The name of the Republic of Chad is named after this lake.

Lake Chad is formed by a partial depression of the mainland and is a remnant of the Ancient Chad Sea in the Quaternary period. The lake area changes with the seasons, reaching 22,000 square kilometers during the rainy season and shrinking by more than half during the dry season. The lake is 281 meters above sea level. The east is deep and the west is shallow, with an average depth of 1.5 meters and a maximum depth of 12 meters. The annual variation of water level is 0.6~0.9 meters. The drainage area is 1 million square kilometers. The main source of water supply is the Shari River, accounting for 2/3 of the total supply; followed by the Komaduguyobe River, the Aerial View River of N'Djamena, the capital of N'djamena, the Mbuli River and the Furbevel River.

The eastern part of the lake is divided into many islands by watercourses, the larger ones are Kuli Island, Buduma Island, etc. There are many swamps on the lake and reeds grow. The lake is rich in aquatic resources, producing puffer fish, catfish, tiger-shaped fish, etc., and many birds along the coast. The best season to visit this lake is from November to February. The town of Bor next to this lake is a shining base for your cultural travel.

Unianga Lakes Group On July 1, 2012, the 36th World Heritage Committee meeting discussed and approved the inclusion of "Unianga Lakes Group" in the World Heritage List. The Unianga Lakes Group is located in the Ennedi District of the Republic of Chad and is currently the only world natural heritage site in Chad. The Unianga Lake Group covers an area of 62808 hectares and consists of 18 interconnected lakes in the Ennedi region, an extremely arid Sahara Desert. Its brilliant colors and shapes constitute a magnificent natural landscape. Lake water-saltwater, brackish water and fresh water-is supplied by groundwater, and the lake group is divided into two branches, separated by 40 kilometers.

There are four lakes in the Ounianga Kebir branch, the largest of which is Yoan, which covers an area of 358 hectares and has a water depth of 27 meters. The lake water is highly saltwater and can only support some algae and microorganisms. The second branch, Ounianga Serir, has 14 lakes separated by sand dunes. Floating reeds cover almost half of the lake, reducing evaporation. Teli Lake covers an area of 436 hectares and is the largest of the 14 lakes, but its water depth is only 10 meters. High-quality fresh water makes some lakes a habitat for aquatic animals, especially fish.

Virunga Mountains The Virunga Mountains are located in the volcanic mountains north of Lake Kivu in central and eastern Africa, extending about 80 kilometers along the borders of Congo (Kinshasha), Rwanda and Uganda. The mountains run east-west, perpendicular to the Great Rift Valley, which contains Lake Kivu and Lake Edward. The highest of the eight major volcanic peaks is Karisimbi Peak, 4507 meters above sea level. The six volcanoes in the middle and east of the mountain range are extinct volcanoes.

Mikeno and Sabino are two of the oldest, with craters that have disappeared and eroded into rugged terrain. In the middle of the Pleistocene, Mount Kalisingbi, Mount Visoke, Mount Mgahinga, and Mount Muhavula appeared, of which only Mount Kalisingbi had a mountaintop crater. The Muhavula crater contains a small lake. Not more than 20,000 years ago, the Nyiragongo and Nyamulagira Mountains appeared at the western end of the mountain range, both with extensive volcanic craters.

The main crater of Mount Nyiragongo is about 1.2 kilometers in diameter and contains a pool of liquid lava. The lava areas of the two volcanoes have always been active, with some lava dating back to Lake Kivu, especially the eruptions that occurred in 1912, 1938, and 1948. There are many smaller conical mountains around the main volcano.

The Virunga Mountains stand on a densely populated plateau, mainly inhabited by Rwandan farmers and in some areas cattle herders. Virunga National Park in Congo (Kinshasha) includes part of the mountain range in Congo (Kinshasha). The middle and eastern south sides of the mountain range form the Volcano National Park in northwest Rwanda. Gorilla National Park includes the Ugandan slopes of Mount Mugasinga. The alpine vegetation in the reserve, as well as wild animals such as golden monkeys and highland gorillas, is a good place for tourists.

Lake Chad Olunga Crater The crater formed by an asteroid impact will form the most magical geological structure on the planet's surface. Many other planets and moons in the solar system, including our moon, are covered with craters. In the Earth's nearly 4.6 billion years of history, it is not uncommon for similar asteroids to hit the Earth. Due to the active geological activities of the earth, there are many plate activities and volcanic eruptions, and the surface layer is mainly covered by the relatively young ocean bottom shell. After years of erosion by strong winds and running water, it is difficult to see the traces left by these extraterrestrial visitors on the earth's surface.

Fortunately, in several ancient continental plates, especially in arid deserts, the marks of asteroid impacts have been preserved, allowing us to still see some of the craters left by the Great Sky and Earth Impact in the past. Lake Chad Olunga Crater is the best preserved crater on earth. It may be an erosion crater formed about 350 million years ago in the Sahara Desert region of northern Lake Chad in Africa. The crater was formed by a 1.6-kilometer-wide comet or asteroid colliding with the Earth. Such impacts occur only about once every million years.

Lake Chad Olunga Crater is about 10 miles across and is surrounded by two annular structures that were discovered during a scan of an area of approximately 36 kilometers by the space shuttle imaging radar.

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Zakuma National Park Zakuma National Park is located in the central African country of Chad. It was established in 1963 and covers an area of 1200 square miles (3100 square kilometers). It is the first and largest national park in Chad. Zakuma National Park was severely damaged during the Civil War, but restoration projects supported by the European Union from 1989 to 2006 increased the number of biological species in the park. The permanent water source in the park often attracts large numbers of animals. Come here.

The distribution of wells in Zakuma National Park in Chad spreads out in a petal shape from a center. Every May, heavy rain nourishes the earth, ending months of drought in Central Africa. Zakuma National Park is a great place to watch elephants in Central Africa. Here you can see not only herds of elephants but also giraffes, wildebeest, lions and antelopes, primates and various birds. The best time to come to the park is March and April, when you can see herds of animals gathering around the pond to play.