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Defects on the left and right atrial septa are called atrial defect, which accounts for about 5%-10% of congenital heart diseases. The murmur of atrial defect is very light and difficult to hear. It is often discovered during physical examination of school-age children. The electrocardiogram shows right bundle branch conduction block. Cardiac X-ray shows excessive lung blood, enlarged heart shadow, and enlarged right atrium and right ventricle. Echocardiography can clearly diagnose most atrial defects or use contrast echocardiography and esophageal ultrasound. The atrial defect is located at the foramen ovale, i.e., the central type or the II type; it is located at the junction of the lower part with the mitral and tricuspid valve rings, i.e., the primary type or the I type; it is located at the location where the superior and inferior vena cava enter the right atrium, i.e., the coronary sinus type. Unless there is a huge atrial defect, symptoms generally rarely appear in the early stage. Small atrial septal defects may not be operated on for life. However, there are reports of repeated cerebral infarction, which may be related to the atrial septal defect. The reason is that small emboli in the venous system pass through the atrial defect. Entering the left heart and reaching the artery of the brain, causing cerebral infarction. Therefore, some doctors have also suggested that patients with small atrial defect and terminal closure of the foramen ovale can be considered using a catheter to introduce a double-sided umbrella to close it, without the need for open heart surgery. There are several methods for catheter closure of atrial defect, most of which require the atrial defect to be less than 2 cm. Medium-to-large atrial defects require surgical treatment, and the curative effect is also very satisfactory. Currently, the cardiac surgery department carries out small-incision surgery for them, or repairs atrial defects with a beating heart, which reduces surgical complications. Atrial defect is accompanied by severe pulmonary hypertension, and the surgical effect is poor. Therefore, you must see a specialist early and decide whether to follow up or treat under the doctor's guidance.