List of Hani traditional festivals

There are 58 ethnic minorities in our country, and each ethnic group has its own traditional festivals and festival customs. The Hani people are one of the ethnic minorities in China today and a relatively ancient ethnic group in the southwestern border of China. They call themselves Hani, Kado, Yani, Biyo, Budu, Baihong, etc. The Hani people have a long history of development, and there are naturally many festivals. The more popular ones in the territory are "October Year","Amatu","Rehezha", etc., commonly known as the Three Hani Festivals.

October, Hani called it "Meishou Zhalt" or "Misoza". The time starts from the first Dragon Day in the tenth month of the summer calendar to the end of Monkey Day. It lasts for five or six days. It is the longest and richest festival of the year for the Hani people, similar to the Spring Festival in the Han people. On the first day of October, all Hani Stronghold were cleaned cleanly. Men, women and children put on brand-new national costumes. The heads and new clothes of the girls are covered with sparkling silver bubbles, silver chains, and silver medals. They make a tinkling sound as they walk, which is both beautiful and pleasant to hear. At dawn on the first day of the New Year's Day, women from every family were busy hammering cakes and making ball seed noodles. The sound of pestle "air communication, air communication" resounded over the stockade. Men are busy slaughtering pigs and cattle and cooking all kinds of delicious food.

On the morning of Dragon Day, some people only ate dumplings and cakes and did not eat breakfast. Some slaughter a big red rooster and eat it with the whole family, indicating family reunion. At noon, people set up tall swings on Zhaizi Square and held swing activities. Compulsive young people gathered for spinning competitions and wrestling games. At night, a raging bonfire was lit on the lawn, and people sat around the fire. The old people sang their own folk songs "Habaka" and "Gengu Diao", the young men sounded gongs and drums, and the girls danced happily."Dance", men, women and old sang and danced all night long. According to traditional rules, every family must use a small dustpan to carry a Gu wine and three balls of seeds to the entrance of the village to dump them, which means offering sacrifices to the ancestors. Then he sent some food to the family with the largest number of generations in the same clan to show that he did not forget his blood roots.

During the New Year's Day, all married girls must return to their parents 'homes to congratulate the New Year's Eve. Nephew asks for New Year's money from their uncle, and relatives of their parents must entertain them with good wine and meat, and also send some cakes and cooked duck eggs. The Hani people have always been hospitable and invite other nearby ethnic groups to their homes during the Chinese New Year. Even strangers passing by should be treated warmly. After eating, we will also send some cake and bacon for the guests to take away. In some places,"Ziwudu" activities are held during the New Year's Festival, that is, happy receptions. Each household will use a small dustpan to carry all kinds of delicious delicacies they have cooked to the center of the street, and place them on long mats in order. The whole village will drink and eat together. The street banquet will be a hundred meters long, and the scene is extremely spectacular.

It is said that a long time ago, during October of the summer calendar, when cherries were blooming all over the mountains, a big demon appeared in the mountains. It ravaged crops and swallowed people and livestock, making the Hani people uneasy. One day, it stepped down a family's fence and broke into the house, ready to steal something to eat. Suddenly, it saw a cherry flower on the wall spitting flames and burning red. It was so scared that it fled out of the house. It broke into another house and rushed to the cattle stable to catch cattle and sheep to eat. The owner was in a hurry and grabbed a copper basin and threw it over. The "jingling" sound scared the demon away. At night, it rode into a house in the dark of night. The owner heard the sound of footsteps and lit up the torch to see. The bright torch scared the demon away again. The demon was scared three times a day and did not dare to stay any longer. Since then, it has disappeared in Hani Mountain. The day when the demons were scared away is said to be Dragon Day. From then on, the Hani people have designated the first Dragon Day in the tenth month of the summer calendar every year as the beginning of the year as a New Year's Day, and the October Year has been passed down since then.

Mother's Day is a traditional sacrificial festival for the Hani people. The time is generally on the first Ox Day in the second month of the lunar calendar. Legend has it that long ago, there was a young widow who scrimped on food and clothing, raised her son with great difficulty, married him a daughter-in-law and became a family. However, the kind-hearted mother did not get good rewards. Not only did the son not show filial piety to his mother, he also beat and scolded his mother every day and ignored his mother's life. The mother couldn't stand the torture and threw herself into the river. The son's unfilial piety caused serious consequences. The son did not become rich because of the reduction of his mother. Instead, he became poor day by day and finally had to beg for food to make a living. At this time, his son suddenly realized his mistake and decided to change his mistakes.

Because his mother threw herself into the river on the day he belonged to the cow, his son designated that day as the Day of Sacrifice to his Mother. In order to miss his mother's kindness, his son chose a big tree near the stockade as a symbol of his mother. Sacrifice is made on time every year, and the traditional "Mother Sacrifice Festival" of the Hani people has been formed over time. On this day, people dressed in gorgeous costumes and carrying sacrifices, taking the village as a unit, gather in front of a big tree beside the stockade, pull banana leaves, pad them on the ground, and place sacrifices such as wine, meat, chicken, sugar cane, and candies brought by each household, and ring big drums and gongs. Under the leadership of the host elders, men, women and children knelt in rows in front of the big tree and kowtowed three times and sang songs of missing their mothers.

The song sings: "There is a mother tree in front of me, and when I see the tree, I burst into tears. Singing hundreds of songs cannot finish singing my mother's kindness. The mountain spring is constant, and the love of a woman is not as long as the love of a woman. Heroes are all raised by their mothers, and beggars also have mothers."After singing, people sat around drinking and eating according to their seniority and age. During the banquet, the old people talked about the past and talked about the present, teaching young people to obey the old and love the young. Everyone discussed and judged how good and bad each household in the shanzhai treated their parents. Good praise and poor review do not end until the sun goes down.

祭竜节祭竜节是哈尼族主要的祭祀节日，一年有两次。In the first month, the dragon is a sacrifice to the village god, praying for the elimination of disasters and blessings and the prosperity of people and livestock. The March Dragon is an agricultural sacrifice, praying for good weather and a bumper harvest. The symbol of the dragon god is usually the ten-year-old tree, called the dragon tree. In the past, every time a village was formed, no matter whether ten families or one household, a tree was first cultivated at the head of the village. This tree is a dragon tree. Both dragon sacrifices will be held under this tree. It is said that the dragon tree can protect the stockade. The first round of Dragon Day in the first month of the lunar calendar every year is the day when the dragon sacrifices to the village god (the village god is equivalent to the mountain god and land god of the Han nationality).

The sacrifice of the public sacrifice was a pig. After the pig was killed, it was placed on a tree-stage in a kneeling shape. Each household sent a man to participate in the public sacrifice. Each person handed a bowl of three-colored glutinous rice (red, yellow, and white, meaning happiness, and purity) and a handful of incense to the chief priest and presented them on the dragon platform, and then kowtowed and worshipped. After the worship, drink and eat, and everyone can freely sing prayers for the gods during the banquet. The first round of Dragon Day in the third month of the lunar calendar every year is the day when the dragon sacrifices to the dragon god in the third month. After lunch this day, each household sent out a man with a chicken, a handful of incense, a pinch of tea, a pot of wine, and a bowl of red, yellow and white glutinous rice to participate in the public sacrifice.

At the beginning of the sacrifice, each person drank a mouthful of pepper leaf water to clear his mouth, and handed the sacrifice to the chief sacrifice to the Longtai. Whoever brings the sacrifice, kowtow. After the sacrifice, drink, eat, and sing prayers. When stars appear in the sky, a ceremony to welcome the gods and enter the camp is held. The people in the stockade lit torches and beat drums to welcome them at the entrance of the stockade. The public sacrifices lined up in a long queue. The chief priest sang a welcoming tune: "The stars in the sky are shining, and it is time. The drums in the stockade beat loudly to welcome the dragon god. It is a good time to start the sacrifice. Please God go. Listen to everyone's singing and dancing, and bless others." The leader walked backwards out of the Dragon Realm. Every ten steps back, he led the singing of "Sa-Le-", and the crowd sang "Sa-Le-"(meaning love and good luck), and then entered the Dragon Sacrifice Square in file. A banquet was set up in the square and a chair was set up as a seat for God. The host and accompanying mourners sat at the national table, sang sacrifices to the gods, and prayed for the dragon god to bless the village for peace and happiness and good fortune. People danced the traditional song and dance "Senini" in the paddock. The next day, the host and accompanying sacrificial officials lit incense and held candles to send the Dragon God back to his place. The March Sacrifice Election Festival ended.

"Limazhu" Festival "Limazhu" is a transliteration of Hani, which means the grand occasion of spring. It is a traditional festival for the Hani people and is held in March every year when camellia flowers are in full bloom. The Hani people living on the edge of the Red River worship the cuckoo and respectfully call it the "Hebo Ama" cuckoo mother). Every spring in March, when camellia blossoms are in full bloom, as long as they hear the cuckoo's cry for the first time, everyone will respond with a reply "I heard it" to express their cheers for spring. It is said that this answer can make the hard-working and kind Hani farmers have a bumper harvest of grain, a prosperous six livestock, and peace and prosperity all year round.

According to legend, the cuckoo was sent by the god Appomami to fly out of a stone cave in the distant horizon to convey the news of spring to the world. When it flew over a sea called "Lane Awoni Bengbengma", it could no longer fly and seemed to be about to fall into the sea. Suddenly, a dragon's tail was lifted from the sea, and then the dragon's tail turned into a big tree with lush branches and leaves for the cuckoo to rest on it. The cuckoo finally went through many hardships and conveyed the message of spring to the world. According to the rules passed down by our predecessors, when most people heard the cuckoo's cry, they agreed to prepare delicious dishes on a day in the year of the year of sheep. Soak glutinous rice with the flower juice of a big tree, and steam it into a fragrant golden glutinous rice., cook red duck eggs, and offer piously to the cuckoo.

On this day, young men and girls from the village were full of spring breeze and dressed in festive costumes, and gathered on a moderate lawn to celebrate the annual spring event of the "Lima Lord" Festival), in order to choose a partner and talk about love. After the festival, each family chose a good day. At the fifth watch, when the birds had not left their nests and the four mountains were silent, parents quietly planted three clusters of seedlings in their fields, meaning "opening the seedling door." It is said that the sound of birds cannot be heard when the "seedling gate" is opened, and this year's crops will be avoided from disasters and eliminated and a good harvest will be achieved.

"Grasshopper Catching Festival", which is called "Abonian" in Hani language, is held on the first day of the genus of chickens or monkeys after June 24th of the lunar calendar every year in the "June Year". The Hani people live in mountainous areas and grow rice one season. After the "June Year", rice began to head. In order to ensure a bumper harvest of rice, the Hani people adopted the "Grasshopper Catching Festival" method to drive away and avoid insect disasters. On the day of the "Grasshopper Catching Festival", all the men, women and children in the village went to the fields to catch grasshoppers. After each family caught enough bamboo, they scattered grasshoppers into five portions: a pile of heads, legs, body, wings; in turn, they used cut bamboo strips to clip them and insert them next to the field ridge and drainage ditch to intimidate grasshoppers and other insects that had not yet been caught. Half an hour later, the grasshoppers were put into the bamboo tube again. Take it home as a vegetable or mix it with cake. It is said that grasshopper meat is very sweet. When leaving the fields, people would keep shouting: "Oh, grasshoppers, I won't catch you for three days, and don't eat rice for three months!" "Pleimatu" and "Angmatu" are sacrificial activities held by the Hani people every year in mid-January before spring plowing begins to pray for good weather in the coming year. The grain harvest is abundant, and people and livestock are safe. With the development of the times, this event has become the biggest festival of the Hani people. "Angmatu" is usually held for 3-5 days. During the event, passionate Hani people, regardless of gender, age and age, who are good at singing and dancing, dance in a circle to their heart's content and sing about the beautiful life. More than 300 tables were held along the street. It is several hundred meters long, so it is also called the Long Dragon Banquet.

At the banquet. In the village, the elderly man with high moral standards sat at the dragon's head, the woman sat at the dragon's tail, and the rest sat in the middle. The whole village drank home-brewed rice wine and tasted the food carefully cooked by housewives. The scenery is not only a cooking skills competition, but also full of the warmth of life. It also demonstrates the unity spirit of the Hani people. If you come here at this time, the hospitable Hani people warmly invite you to sit down with you and share this wonderful life with them.

After the planting of the "Miao Aina" Festival is over, Hani people in Luchun County will celebrate the "Miao Aina" Festival. "Aina" means "the rest day after planting" in Zecheng Chinese, and the time is usually in early May. On the day of the festival, the entire stockade killed a pig and a sheep together, and each family shared a share. After the "Miao Aina" Festival, you can blow the horns. It is said that blowing the horn is an order to rest the cattle. There is also a folk story here: Once upon a time, during the "Miao Aina" Festival, a shepherd boy wanted to order two of his family's cattle to the mountains to release them. The hardworking cattle were unwilling to go up the mountain and always ran into the fields.

The shepherd boy had no choice, so he blew the ox horn and said to the cattle: "Lovely old cow, you have worked hard a few days ago. Now that the seedlings have been planted, please rest. "The cattle understood and went up the mountain with joy. According to the rules of the local people, before breakfast on the festival day, a bowl of tea and wine should be poured on the cut grass, and then a bowl of meat and rice should be wrapped with the grass and fed to the cattle. In addition, the harrows and hoes used during seedling planting should be washed and placed in a certain place. On the night of the festival, piles of green fires were lit, and people from the whole village went to the lawn to dance and sing until late at night on June Day. It was called in Hani's language. The "Bitter Slag" Festival is usually held around the 24th of the June month of the lunar calendar. It lasts for three to six days. During the festival, oxen were killed and sacrifices were made to the gods. Young people gathered together to swing, wrestle, sing and dance, and have fun. In some places, Songming torches are lit at home on this night to remove everything. Whenever festivals come, the Hani people must have three kinds of vegetables: water celery by the ditch, fishy vegetables on the ridge, and firewood and cauliflower on the mountain. In addition, there are two famous dishes: cool accompanying fish and moss mixed with earthworms. During the holidays, every family cuts banana leaves and spreads them on the table, filling them with various dishes.

In addition to women, the whole family sat around with guests to drink water and wine, eat delicious food, and sing Haba. Different festivals have different contents: during the New Year, we will sing about the origin of the New Year; when building a house, we will sing about how to build a house, who was the first old man to build a house here; when they get married, the Haba singer will warn the groom and the bride how to love each other and how to have children. It is also necessary to teach people how to calculate the years, how to divide the four seasons, how to arrange farm work, etc.

Moqiu Festival Moqiu Festival is a traditional festival of the Hani people: it is held every year on Pig Day or Dog Day (the day of the twelve zodiac animals) in the fifth month of the lunar calendar, also known as the "May Year." Regarding the origin of the Moqiu Festival, there is a beautiful story among the Hani people. A long time ago, there were two siblings living in the Hani mountain village. The older brother was named He Lang and the younger sister was named Ah Ang. Alang is excellent in martial arts, and Alang is smart and beautiful. Both of them love to help the villagers with things. At that time, the sun and moon in the sky appeared and disappeared, sometimes for a few days at a time, and sometimes not for a few days, making the crops unable to grow normally. Alang and Aang discussed going to the sky separately to persuade the sun and moon to appear regularly.

On this day, the brother and sister cut chestnut wood and created Moqiu. They rode Moqiu, which spun quickly, sending Alang and Aang into the sky and finding the sun and moon. The siblings tried their best to persuade the sun and the moon to agree that the sun should appear during the day and the moon should appear at night. From then on, the sun and moon have appeared regularly, and the crops have grown well and have harvests every year. However, the two siblings never came back. In order to commemorate them, every year on Pig Day or Dog Day in the fifth month of the lunar calendar, Hani Village carries out activities to turn to the autumn. At the same time, every household also kills chickens and ducks, harrows glutinous rice cakes in spring, and worships heaven and earth and the inventors of the autumn. -Alang and Aang. Since then, a festival has been formed.

On the 15th of the lunar winter month every year, the Hani people living in the Kado Mountains of Xinping County celebrate the National Traditional Festival with a long history-Elderly People's Day. In the morning, the young man went up the mountain to dig pine trees, and the women were busy preparing the delicacies for the show.To the west, Shengzi (a place dedicated to festivals) has been planted with pine trees, and the old people in the whole village have gathered under the pine trees. When the host announced the beginning of the festival ceremony, the gongs sounded together. Young men and women held steaming rice wine and tea, and middle-aged men and women held fragrant glutinous rice, eggs and other food to the old man sitting under the pine trees. Then, the young man played the small sanxian of the Central Committee, the girls sang beautiful songs, and the old people also danced the Yang Meng suit (the old man's round dance) amidst the roar of laughter. Finally, the host asked the elderly to take turns telling about their children's upbringing over the past year. After listening to each elderly person's narration, people praised those who respected and loved the elderly, and criticized those younger generations who were disrespectful and unfilial to the elderly.

"Easy to collect" is one of the three major festivals of the Hani people in Naluu area of Yuanjiang County. Although it is not as grand as "Zhalet" and "Kuzazha", it is particularly important. The local Hani people believe that this festival, however, the new year has not really arrived, and the beginning of October is only a prelude. "Good harvest of color" means "dyed yellow rice", which the local Han people call "Yellow Rice Festival" or "February Year". The local Hani people sacrificed this festival to the cuckoo and the "Biku" bird, the emissary of the god Cangmomi. Therefore, the festival was held on Hai Pig Day after hearing the first call of the cuckoo and the "Biku" bird. The festival ends in one day.

"Amatu" The second month of the Hani lunar calendar in Jinping Miao, Yao and Dai Autonomous County belongs to the Dragon Day, also known as the February Year. The festival includes sacrifices to mountains, ancestors, and communities and forests. On the first day of the festival, chickens are killed to sacrifice foreign ghosts, and bamboo sticks are used to make symbols to prevent foreign ghosts from entering. In the early morning, the whole village, men, women and children, automatically went to the well to dig the well, cut grass and sweep the floor. Then, Moba or a prestigious elder killed the white cock, offered sacrifices to the well, and also offered sacrifices to the mountains, because they believed that the water came from the mountains and the mountains were raised by the forest. Therefore, people here generally build wells under trees. At noon, the village heart tower was sacrificed. The village heart tower stood in the center of the material village and was built with soil. It was the earliest place to build the village.

After the sacrifice, each family gathered a banquet with the Pagoda in the heart of the village as the "head" and arranged it down the slope. It was called the banquet in the heart of the street, and all men had to participate to show the unity of the whole village. Sacrifice to the forest after the ceremony. The forest is a dense forest beside the village. No grass or tree are allowed to move in the forest, and women are not allowed to enter. During the sacrifice to the forest, Moba, the patriarch, and the elder led two young men dressed as a man and a woman, beating gongs and carrying three pebbles prepared in advance, to sacrifice the tree. There are three pebbles, one dyed with the original red of the village's virgin and placed on the left side of the tree root, called a sacrifice to the dragon (the mountain is the same as the dragon, and if there is a dragon on the mountain, the water will be clear and the forest will be luxuriant); the other dyed with pig blood and placed in the middle of the tree in front of the tree, serving as a sacrifice to the community forest, including ancestors; the third stone dyed with dog blood and placed on the right side of the tree root to represent a sacrifice to ghosts.

Two young men dressed as a man and a woman symbolize virginity and stood respectfully on both sides of the tree. The third elders chanted incantations praying for prosperity, a bumper harvest, and disaster elimination, while offering three stones to worship the gods. The sacrificial activities will last for a total of seven days. Starting from the three days before the Dragon Day, all production and market activities will be stopped. Anyone who accidentally enters the camp will not be allowed to leave the camp for seven days. The Hani people on the south bank of the Red River in the mainland also celebrate festivals such as the first month, Dragon Boat Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival. Three to five days after the first month, families with conditions kill pigs to worship their ancestors. On the first day, they eat glutinous rice balls, and relatives and friends entertain each other. Dragon Boat Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival are generally the same as Han customs.

Girls 'Day Hani people in the Bibo Mountain area of Yuanyang County, Yunnan Province celebrate a unique Girls' Day every year on the fourth day of the second month of the lunar calendar. On this day, before the rooster crowed, the men would first pick back a load of water, and when it was dark, cut back a bundle of firewood. Then, they would make a fire to boil water, and respectfully serve the washing water to the woman who was slowly getting up. Then, the men cooked, washed vegetables, chopped pig food, washed bowls and chopsticks, and took care of the children, while the women sat leisurely aside, doing some needlework, or instructing the men to do this and that. Unmarried girls do not even do needlework. After lunch, the men hurried to the public entertainment place in the village.

According to custom, those who arrive first are hard-working, and those who arrive last are lazy. The young men borrowed women's new clothes and trousers from their lovers, dressed up as girls, and danced to the cheerful strings. They did not go home to cook until the sun turned west and continued to serve women late into the night. It is said that Girls 'Day originated from an ancient legend. A long time ago, in Bibo Village, surrounded by mountains, gurgling mountain springs, and lush forests, there was a girl named Yuma who was more beautiful than gold and bamboo. Yuma fell in love with the handsome and fierce young hunter. However, at that time, Hani girl's marriage was decided by the chieftain and her parents. Yuma's parents betrothed her to Tusi's one-eyed son.

Yuma was in great pain for this, and she was determined to express her pursuit of love with death. On the fourth day of February, Yuma went alone to cut firewood on the Zhaoxiang Mountain and met three girls from the same village and a neighboring village. Yuma told them about her unfortunate experience, which caused the three girls to cry endlessly. It turned out that they were also unfortunate people in marriage. The four girls forgot to chop firewood and go home. They complained to each other about their difficulties on the top of the mountain. The more they complained, the more sad they became. They jumped off a cliff and committed suicide together. After the tragedy occurred, the Hani people felt that they could no longer interfere with the marriage of girls and boys, especially for girls, and they should be given the right to choose the right person they want. In order to warn future generations, the Hani people designated the fourth day of February every year as "Girls 'Day" to show respect for women and freedom of marriage. Now, after the Hani young men and women in this area fall in love freely, they choose their own dates to get married without betrothal gifts or banquets. They use cups of fragrant tea to entertain guests who come to congratulate them.

New Rice Festival is a traditional farming festival of the Hani people in Yunnan. Xishuangbanna Prefecture and Lancang area are called "Eat New Rice" in Hani; Honghe Prefecture is called "Cheshiza", which translates into Chinese for the New Rice Festival; in other places, they are called "Kanu Chaye" and "Yopumuche". Every year in the seventh and eighth months of the lunar calendar, when the rice in the fields turns red with red bayberry color, it is held on a date. In some places, Dragon Day is chosen because "dragon" means "more" and "added" in Hani language. Hani people hope that after the ceremony of eating Xingu and drinking Xingu wine, they wish a bumper harvest of rice and eat more and more.

On the morning of the festival, each household head came to the rice field, selected an ear of rice with long ears and large grains, rubbed a small amount of rice, wrapped it with leaves and hung it in the field to show that the rice field yielded more rice. They also picked a handful of ears of grain and took them home, made new rice into new rice in spring, set up new grain wine, and entertained village leaders or family relatives. They also use part of the new rice popcorn. Before dinner, every family must first sacrifice new rice, rice flowers, etc. to their ancestors, and then feed the rice flowers to the dogs. Because, according to legend, long ago, all crops in the world were washed away during a major flood. When the water receded, a bird found an ear of rice and was about to peck at it, when a dog scared the bird away and retrieved the grain seeds. From then on, people replanted rice.

Therefore, whenever Hani people eat new grain, they must sacrifice it to dogs first. There are also local legends that Omar, the daughter of the gods, secretly planted rice to the world behind her father's back, and taught the Hani people farming methods. In the end, the father and god were furious and turned her into a dog and sent her to the world. The Hani people did not forget her merits, so they sacrificed her every year. After the sacrifice, family members and guests began to enjoy rich rice and new rice wine. It is said that the more you eat, the fuller you are, the better. Only when the autumn harvest will the rice be full and will you never finish it. In some places, the Longbatou family in the village first chooses an auspicious day to eat new rice, and invites the male elders in the village to taste the new rice, and then each household will taste the new rice one after another. Shortly after the New Rice Festival, the autumn harvest began.

The "Zaza" Festival "occurs in the fifth month of the summer calendar every year. It is one of the important traditional festivals of the Hani people in the Ailao Mountains in southern Yunnan. It lasts for three to five days and its celebrations are extremely grand. At that time, the busy spring plowing production had ended and the midsummer farming was slack, which combined with social entertainment and wishes for "a bumper harvest of the grain and the health of people and animals." Generally, the first Monkey Day in the fifth month of the summer calendar is the first day of the festival, but in some areas, the festival is celebrated during the "Dragon Boat Festival" or "Torch Festival".

"zalet" zalet is the biggest festival of the hani nationality, because it is held in october of the lunar calendar, it is also known as "translation and reality." According to the ancient calendar, the Hani people alternate the old and new years between the tenth month of the lunar calendar, with the end of September as the end of the lunar calendar and the beginning of the year. There is no specific fixed time boundary between the old and the new years. Instead, the ancient form of chronology is adopted. During the October month of the lunar calendar every year, the first Chenlong Day is the beginning of the New Year, which is equivalent to the first day of the Chinese New Year's New Year's Day. Mao Rabbit Day is the end of the old year. According to the traditional customs of our nation, during the festival, we must kill pigs, chickens, and ducks, pound glutinous rice cakes, and make glutinous rice dumplings. In this way, we will send off the old New Year, welcome the New Year, offer sacrifices to our ancestors, etc.

On New Year's Day, the whole village will jointly kill a pig. This pig is called "Shenghong", which means "shared". No matter how big or small these "raw" pigs must be distributed equally according to the entire village account. Moreover, even if we can only share a little of the liver, intestines, belly, heart, lungs, etc. of a pig, we must share it with every family. The purpose is for each household in the village to use the meat of the same pig and each household to sacrifice to its ancestors. Sacrifice activities are one of the important contents of the Hani "Zhalet". Before the festival, each family began to carry out various sacrificial activities in accordance with the traditions of their own families. First of all, we need to kill chickens outside the gate or in the patio. The purpose is to sacrifice those family members or villagers who died in other places. They think that they will go home during the New Year, but their souls cannot enter the house, so they must be honored outside the door. "Zhalet" is also a day for Hani families to reunite. Generally, sisters who have been married not long ago are invited to come back to stay for a few days regardless of whether they have children or not.

"Yekuzha" Festival "Yekuzha" is a traditional festival for the Hani people in Xishuangbanna. Every year, the festival begins on the sixth month of the lunar calendar, which belongs to cattle (auspicious day for the Hani people), and lasts for three to five days. Legend has it that long ago, pests occurred in the fields of the Hani people. People killed chickens to pray for gods, slaughtered pigs and sacrificed dragons, but nothing was of any help. An old man named Apeimingye went to the field and caught three insects. He wrapped them in green leaves and placed them on wooden oxen. He planted them on the edge of the ground, at the intersection and at the gate of the village to be reviled and scolded to show punishment for the insects. After a few days, the pests in the field disappeared, and new seedlings grew in the millet. People enjoyed a bumper harvest. From then on, whenever a pest occurred in the fields, people followed Apeminye's method.

Later, Apeiminya died, and his son would kill chickens and sacrifice to his father every year after picking up rice seedlings. After this matter spread, it became a traditional festival for the Hani people over time. Since Hani people have father and son names, the first word of the son's name is taken from the last word of the father's name. This festival was first celebrated by Apeminya's son to commemorate his father, so it was called "Yekuzha". At the beginning of "Yekuzha", middle-aged men killed pigs and cattle; young men went up the mountain to cut trees, cut canes, and transported them back to the stockade to make swings; women cooked, cooked, and pounded glutinous rice cakes at home. Playing on the swing is a major activity during the festival. While playing the swing, the onlookers watched and sang, and from time to time emitted "Sou, Sou! "Cheers add to the fun. The scene was very lively. During the festival, horse racing, spinning, bamboo tube dancing, ball competitions, tug-of-war, singing competitions, etc. are also held, making the traditional festival activities richer and more colorful.

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"Dragon Sacrifice Day" Dragon Sacrifice Day is a traditional festival for the Hani people living in the Ailao Mountain area on the south bank of the Red River in Yunnan. The festival is on the second day of the second month of the lunar calendar. A ceremony to sacrifice Longyou Village is held in villages. Walking at the forefront of the parade was a dragon head made of colored paper, followed by girls dressed up as young men and women surrounded by young men and women, followed by the Hani people. They traveled around the village beating gongs, cowhide drums, blowing bawu, and playing four-stringed lups.

There is a legend from the origin of the festival: A long time ago, when the Hani people migrated from afar to settle down in Ailao Mountain, there lived a mountain demon named Shede Awo. It was also accompanied by a group of monsters cultivated from tigers, leopards, and jackals. Mountain demons often lead a group of monsters disguised as humans and sneak into Hani Village, destroying crops and houses, biting people and animals to death, and often robbing children for food, causing chaos throughout the village. As time goes by, few of the Hani children have been killed by the mountain demon, and they are about to have no successors. At this time, people entrusted Migu, who had dealings with the mountain demon, to intercede Awo, begging him not to come again to snatch children. Mountain Demon made a request to send him a girl as his daughter-in-law on February 1st every year.

The Hani people compromised and were forced to agree to the conditions. Year after year, the Hani people lost many innocent and lively girls. There was a widow named Beiniang. She had three children. The eldest child, Nugo, was both boys, and the third child, Mei Shuang, was a girl who was only 16 years old. This year, Nian Lun came to her house to send off the girl, and the whole family was very sad. My mother and two brothers refused to agree to her sister's death. As the deadline approached, several of Beiniang's children demanded to kill the mountain demon and avenge the girls. After careful discussion with the villagers, on Yangri, Yourize and Nuga dressed up as two beautiful girls, and the villagers carried wine, vegetables and other tributes to the cave where Shanmo lived.

The mountain demon was particularly happy to see that the people still kept their promises on time this year and sent an extra girl. He immediately sent the people who delivered tribute back to the camp. Then, the "two girls" pretended to be fond of the mountain demon, held a banquet to persuade him to drink and have fun, and deliberately got him drunk. When the mountain demon was drunk, they used clever tactics to discover the mountain demon's deadly secret in time. At night, the two girls quickly plucked out the white hair on the mountain demon's heart while he was drunk and asleep. The mountain demon cried out in surprise and suddenly sat up, but because its muscles and bones were already soft, the "girl" immediately pulled out her knife and killed the mountain demon, getting rid of the trouble for the Hani people.

At this time, the villagers hiding outside the entrance of the cave also cooperated with each other and eliminated other little monsters in one fell swoop. On the morning of the 2nd day of the second day (Dragon Day), the villagers heard the good news, beating the cow leather drum, blowing the bawu, playing the four-stringed piano, singing the Hani song and walked out of the stockade, and enthusiastically welcomed the two heroes, Ri Ze and Nuga. The victorious return. In the future, in order to forever celebrate the two heroes 'great victory in eliminating evil for the people, the Hani people chose two young men to dress up as girls on Dragon Day. Accompanied by villagers, they beat gongs and drums, and traveled to villages. Later, it turned into a festival that has been passed down to this day.

"Gatangpa" in Hani language means "renewal of everything" or "memory of ancestors Tangpa". "Gatangpa Festival" is a festival to commemorate ancestors. During the festival, Hani people put on festive costumes, killed pigs, slaughtered chickens, and pounded glutinous rice cakes, offered sacrifices to their ancestors, entertained relatives and friends, and celebrated the New Year together. Young men and women flock up the mountain to pick wild flowers and fruits. Men, regardless of their age, must make a top, and everyone goes to an open field to compete in spinning. Men, women and old, all have fun, bid farewell to the old year with great joy, and welcome the New Year with great joy. The Hani people in Gasa Town, Jinghong City, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Guanggang Village, Menghun Town, Menghai County, Mengrun Township, Mengla County and other places sang and danced.

Compatriots of the Dai and other ethnic groups from nearby villages also came to cheer up and held celebrations to celebrate the "Gatangpa Festival" with traditional tug-of-war, crossbow shooting, spinning, embroidery competitions and colorful cultural and artistic programs. During the "Gatangpa Festival", Hani people in Mengpeng Town, Mengla County dressed in festive costumes sang toast songs and danced with Dong Ba Qiao. This once peaceful village is immersed in the festive atmosphere of the festival. Performance teams from various villages and farms performed wonderful cultural and artistic programs at the celebration, wishing a better and better life in the future.