Oceania Alandans 'bar mitzvah customs
The Arandas are an indigenous people in Australia. Also known as Aronta people. The Aboriginal tribes that originally lived in the upper reaches of the Finke River and its tributaries in central Australia, about 65,000 square kilometers [25,000 square miles]) can be divided into five subgroups. It is believed that tribal groups that used to gather food spend several months each year, and for longer periods of time when encountering drought. There are differences in dialects among sub-ethnic groups, and social structures and religious customs are also different. The belief in past life and reincarnation as a fundamental part of religion also holds that ancestors have a totem relationship with natural species and natural phenomena.
The so-called totemism means that there seems to be a supernatural relationship between a human group (totem group) and a certain species (usually a specific animal). There is a close relationship and mutual induction between the two; totem can affect a person's situation. Those who are regarded as totems are usually animals, but plants and other objects are generally rare. The totem worship of the Aranda people in Australia is mainly manifested in various taboos on totem objects and the worship of spiritual objects painted with totem wooden boards or stone slices. This mysterious wooden board or stone piece is called "Chulinga" and is believed to be the physical spirit common to clan members and totem ancestors. This mysterious "spirit body" itself has the supernatural magic of transformation. It was placed in the Totem Holy Land, believing that women would become pregnant when they passed through, so the souls of the totem ancestors were incarnated and transformed into babies. After the baby was born,"Chulinga" was retrieved from the Totem Holy Land and served as a common "spirit" to connect the baby and the totem ancestors, preserved in the sacred secret repository of the clan. After death, people are transformed into totem ancestors through this common "spirit body". In short, they believe that everyone is the embodiment of their own totem ancestors, so life and death are reborn.
When the British colonists invaded at the end of the 18th century, they were still in the stage of clan commune, preserving clan, phratry and tribal organizations. They had transitioned from matriarchal to patrilineal, and group marriage was implemented at the marriage level. There were four marriage levels in the south and eight marriage levels in the north. Totem worship is prevalent and witchcraft is believed in. Use stone and wood tools, engage in gathering and hunting, and live a wandering life. It was originally one of the largest tribes among the indigenous people. By the mid-19th century, it was slaughtered by the colonists. There were fewer than 2000 people. In the 20th century, only hundreds of people remained.
Tooth extraction is part of the rite of passage of passage of the Alandas, an indigenous people in central Australia. During the tooth extraction ceremony, the person to be extracted lies on his back, resting his head on the knees of the sitting wizard. The wizard stuffed the leather rope into the mouth of a lying person, which not only stopped the pain, stopped the bleeding, but also prevented the teeth from being swallowed. Then, the wizard picked up a piece of wood with holes, pressed his teeth into the holes, and knocked it hard with a stone. After the teeth are pulled out, the tooth extraction ceremony will be over.