Strange customs along the coast of southern Fujian-Xunpu Nu

Xiubu is a key maritime destination of ancient Citong Port. It is a coastal fishing village mainly focusing on fishing and tidal flat breeding. Its strong customary customs and exotic flavor of "Xiubu oysters" are well known all the way. There are many folk customs in Xiupu, but the strange customs of Xunpu women, who are also known as the three largest fishermen in Fujian, along with Hui 'an women and Meizhou women, are also known as Aunt Xiupu. Xunpu women are mainly distributed in Xiupu, Jinqi, Houpu, Dongmei and other communities in Donghai Street, Fengze District. Xunpu women's customs include production, living customs, living customs and folk beliefs, which constitute the unique historical and cultural customs of Xunpu women and are unique. It also constitutes a major custom and unusual scene along the southern Fujian coast.

According to "Xishan Magazine" during the Jiaqing period of the Qing Dynasty: "Qianpu is the crab's crab's tail, and the thirty-seven capital Dutou Pu is the crab's tail. During the Jin and Tang Dynasties, the beaches gradually dried up into land during the Song Dynasty. Its land refers to the crab Pu of Linhai Pu in the thirty-six capitals today. Villages began to exist during the Yuan and Ming Dynasties." It can be seen that Xiupu Village has a history of thousands of years.

Xunpu women's headdress is commonly known as "hairpin flower wai". It is said that the common gargoons, smiling flowers, coarse chaff flowers, etc. in the headdress came from the Southern Song Dynasty, the private villa "Yunlu Garden" owned by Pu Shougeng, the Arab Quanzhou minister of Shibo, was transplanted from the Western Regions. It continues to this day and is filled with the atmosphere of foreign culture. The Xiupu oyster shell house is the most distinctive folk house in southern Fujian. According to research, the large oyster shells used in the oyster shell house were not originally originated in Quanzhou, but were transferred from the ancient Citong Port during the Song and Yuan Dynasties during the return of ocean-going merchant ships. It can be seen that the "hairpin flower wai" and the oyster shell house both bear significant marks of Quanzhou's marine culture during the Song and Yuan Dynasties.

Xunpu women's clothes are simple and loose, commonly known as "big skirt shirt, wide tube pants". The top is a slanting piece with cloth buttons to cover the chest and the right lap. The dimensions of its shoulders, arms, chest and waist strive to be coordinated with the body, showing a soft curve without losing the woman's slender and plump. The wide hose pants are easy to work on the beach and easy to carry loads and walk, which is suitable for fishermen's labor needs. Xunpu female headwear is commonly known as "hairpin flower circumference". She wraps her hair behind her head, ties it with a red head string, and combs it into a round bun. Then she wears a "bone bun", and uses flower buds or flower buds to string it into a wreath. There are at least one or two rings, and at most four or five rings. Then, with the bun as the center, she wears it around the back of her head. The flowers on the whole head are colorful and colorful, dressed like a small flower bed full of spring.

The bone-hairpin headdress of Xunpu women is a relic of the ancient tradition of "bone needles and hair" and is a unique "living fossil" in the country. Xunpu women's earrings are unique and become a distinction between different ages and generations. The most distinctive thing about Xunpu women's marriage customs is the marriage custom of "getting married in the middle of the night". The anecdotes of marriage constitute a major folk spectacle along the coast of southern Fujian. The living customs of Xunpu women include celebrations, New Year's Eve and hanging red, all of which are quite unique.

The oyster shell house where Xunpu women live has the characteristics of wind resistance and water resistance, warm winter and cool summer, and strong walls. It is very suitable for the windy and humid climate of the seaside. In addition to practicality, it has more aesthetic effects, forming a distinctive natural landscape in southern Fujian fishing villages. The people of Xiupu were born to deal with the sea and believed in Mazu, the goddess of the sea. Every year on the ninth day of the third lunar month, on the birthday of Mazu and on the anniversary of Mazu's death on the 23rd of September, men, women and children in the village of Xiupu form a vast "incense patrol" team, carrying the statue of Mazu and carrying out devout sacrificial activities. The people of Xiupu place their peace on the protection of gods, so the folk belief of "seeking gods and worshiping Buddha" is strong.

Xunpu women's customs are the inheritance and development of the original traditional customs of southern Fujian. At the same time, the special geographical location of Xunpu creates its unique folk customs, which contains the traces of Quanzhou's ancient Maritime Silk Road, which is of great historical research value. The customs and customs of Xunpu women have their own unique visual marks and profound cultural connotations. Their costumes are unique, which not only have high artistic appreciation value, but also have irreplaceable aesthetic significance; the construction techniques of oyster shell houses are unique, forming a unique natural landscape in southern Fujian fishing villages; the marriage and childbearing customs and religious beliefs of Xunpu women fully reflect the traditional virtues of Xunpu women's pursuit of a better life and building a harmonious home, and have important cultural research value.

There are many customs among Xunpu women. This article only extracts the unique customs that differ from one department to another, and is only for academic research. The decoration of Xunpu women is called democratic head and feudal belly: her hair is combed into a round bun behind her head, and a "bone bun" runs through the bun. A few colorful flowers are inserted, and then several strings of seasonal flowers are placed on it. The color is purple and red, competing for fragrance; her clothing is a model of "big skirt shirts and broad-leg pants", and "green clothes and black pants" are popular; the softness she wears is characterized by "cloves". It is said that Xunpu women's headdress and "cloves" contain traces of Quanzhou's "Haisi".

The wedding customs of Xunpu women range from sending "Wending gifts" along the village road to sending "dowry trays" at the wedding, to giving flowers to the whole village, as well as customs such as "introducing black","changing intestines and belly", and "baking dry home" to the bride. Xunpu girls and boys, building big boats, and "building a big house" are more important festive festivals. Customs such as "steaming rice","sending out updates","washing contracts","printing turtles to make cakes, boiling eggs" and "vertical dragon bones","Anlong Mu","Chulong" to "laying, upper beam, fixing the door, and entering the house" are unique. The "bridal flowers" and "New Year's Eve dinner" for Xunpu women during the New Year are also quite unique. As for the numerous folk beliefs of Xunpu women, it is because they developed between the sea and water. Out of their fierce desire to pray for safety, their folk beliefs and customs also have their own characteristics.

The custom of women in Xunpu has gone through a long history and has developed twists and turns with the changes of the times. Due to specific labor forms and living environments, it has been passed down from mother to daughter and mother-in-law to daughter-in-law from generation to generation, with far-reaching influence. With the acceleration of urbanization, Xunpu has changed from a fishing village to a community, but the women's customs in Xunpu still maintain a tradition that has lasted for hundreds of years, which is really valuable. "Xunpu Female Customs" was included in the second batch of national intangible cultural heritage list in 2008.