The ancient and magical women's carnival: Sama Festival
The location map of the website shows the opening ceremony of the 2013 China Rongjiang Sama Festival.
The "2013 China·Rongjiang Sama Festival" was held in Rongjiang County, Guizhou Province from December 17 to 19. During the festival, ethnic folk song and dance performances focused on displaying local ethnic costumes and ethnic song and dance culture, and enjoyed an audio-visual feast from zero distance. The most must-see attraction is the simple and mysterious folk festival of the Three Treasures of Chejiang Dong people.
The Dong "Sama Festival" is one of the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage. "Sama" is a transliteration of Dong,"Sa" means grandma,"Ma" means big, and Sama can be translated into "big grandma". It is said that as early as the matriarchal clan society, there was a brave and skillful female leader of the Dong nationality who won numerous battles in the battle against the enemy's invasion. Unfortunately, she was surrounded by dozens of enemy soldiers in a battle and finally died heroically. People respect her extremely much and regard her as a god who can bring peace and good fortune, and respectfully call her "Sama". She is the embodiment of the common ancestral god of the entire Dong people, especially the southern dialect areas. The Dong people believe that Sama can empower people to defeat enemies and natural disasters, and win the health of the village and the prosperity of people and animals. Therefore, they worship it piously and regard it as the god of the Dong people's society.
In the first and second months of the lunar calendar every year, Dong villages choose auspicious days to invite priests to preside over sacrificial ceremonies and hold grand ceremonies. The scenes are huge and spectacular. Sometimes each village offers its own sacrifices, and sometimes several Xiangling villages jointly offer sacrifices. It has been passed down from generation to generation, forming today's Sama Festival. During the festival, all Dong women are on holiday and participate in sacrifices and recreational activities, and all housework must be done by men. Therefore, Sama Festival is called the "Women's Carnival","Ancient Women's Day", etc.
The festival activities in Sanbao Dong Township, Rongjiang County have a long legacy of ancient matriarchal clan society. The altar is managed by highly respected elderly women in the village. Only married women and a few highly respected male village elders have the right to participate. During the sacrifice to Sa, the person in charge of Sa first cooked tea and offered incense to Sa. Then, the hostess of each household dressed in costumes lined up to make the sacrifice. Each of them drank a sip of grandma's tea, picked a twig of thousand-year-old dwarf branches and inserted them into the bun, and fired three iron cannons."Deng Sa" was in charge of the old woman who offered sacrifices to Sama. At this time, she was the avatar of "Sa") Holding a half-open black umbrella and opened the way. Everyone welcomed "Sa" out the door, followed "Sa" to walk around the camp, and finally came to the fixed Yeping. Everyone formed a circle and danced hand in hand, singing the hymn of Sama in unison. The atmosphere was simple and warm. Sometimes activities such as playing and singing pipa songs, coffin bearers, and straw dragon dancing are held to enrich the festive atmosphere.
The Sama Festival is the oldest surviving traditional festival of the Dong people in southern Guizhou. It is mainly distributed in the Dong areas of Rongjiang County, Congjiang County, and Liping County. The festival activities in Sanbao Dong Township of Rongjiang are the most mysterious and grand.
The 2013 China·Rongjiang Sama Festival has the theme of "Magic Sama Sweet Banyan River" and has strong ethnic and original ecological characteristics. On December 17, a well-known Guizhou writer Rongjiang style gathering activity will be held. Invited writers will walk into Dali Dong Village, Zaima Township, which was announced by the State Council as the seventh batch of national key cultural relics protection units, drink blocking wine, eat farm meals, and listen to the Dong people's toast songs, appreciate the ancient stone road built during the Qing Dynasty and Qianlong period, the Dong courtyard houses built during the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, as well as the unique ancient buildings such as ancient drying grain barn, drum tower, flower bridge, and ancient water wells. Go to Zadang Dong Village and listen to the Dong song. On December 18, a Sama Festival ethnic folk song and dance performance was held in the Ancient Banyan Group Scenic Area. The performance is divided into five chapters: "Preface" Meet in Rongjiang "," Ancient Ballad "," Paradise on Earth "," Qingqing Duliujiang "and the End". The original songs and dances of Rongjiang River such as "Chejiang Pipa Song","Kongshen Miao Lao Lisha" dance,"Baibei Miao Drum Tibetan Dance" will be staged, as well as "Sama Flowers in My Heart","Drum Tower Sky Song","Qingqing Duliujiang River" and other Rongjiang original songs will be staged. Various ethnic costumes are fully displayed.
The highlight of this event-Chejiang's "Sa Sacrifice" event was held on December 19. On that day, a total of 13 safaris were located in Chejiang Village No. 1 to No. 9. According to the good times calculated by the priests of each safaris, the safaris were organized respectively. Activities such as burning incense, serving tea, supplying safaris with pigs, chickens and ducks, worshiping safaris, inviting safaris to go out and protect the village, stepping on many halls, and inviting guests to their homes to be guests were held in turn. The whole activity process was mysterious and solemn.
The location map of the website shows the performance scene of the opening ceremony of the 2013 China Rongjiang Sama Festival. The location map of the website shows the performance scene of the opening ceremony of the 2013 China Rongjiang Sama Festival.
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