The customs and taboos of the Hui people
Because the Hui people were people from the Western Regions who migrated from Persian and Arab merchants in the mid-7th century AD and the Mongolian army's westward expedition in the 13th century AD, as well as absorbing Han, Mongolian, Uyghur and other ethnic components, they gradually formed a unified nation.
Because Islam played an important role in the formation of the Hui people, most Hui people believe in Islam, and Islamic mosques have been built in concentrated settlements. In terms of life, the Hui people's food, clothing, housing and transportation are deeply influenced by Islam, and many customs and taboos are implemented in accordance with Islamic rules. The following are the Hui customs and taboos compiled by Xiaobian for everyone. I hope they can help everyone.
Hui people's pig ban customs, fasting on self-killed objects and other dietary customs are the most sensitive issues for the Hui people and one of the most important issues in the Hui people's customs and habits. For a long time, no matter what pressure and resistance they encounter, the Hui people have never changed their habit of banning pigs and fasting pork. In the seventh century AD, Mohammed founded Islam. In order to eliminate frequent wars and promote the unity of religious beliefs, customs and habits, he complied with the habit of fasting pork in the Arab region at that time and absorbed the Jewish Old Testament on fasting pork. The commandments on pork were supplemented and improved on this basis and included them in the Koran. These prohibitions are issued in the name of Allah, and Hui Muslims must accept and abide by them unconditionally without the slightest suspicion.
In terms of diet, in addition to pork, the Hui people also abstain from meat from non-ruminant animals such as dogs, donkeys, mules, etc., ferocious animals and livestock that die of themselves, such as cows, camels, and sheep, and the blood of all animals, birds, and poultry, and animals slaughtered in the name of non-Muslims and non-God.
The Hui people also have to invite Ashes or Muslims who know the rules for slaughtering livestock and poultry that can be eaten, such as cattle, sheep, camels, deer, chickens, ducks, geese, pigeons, quails, rabbits, etc., which has formed a custom slaughtering order, that is, they must be washed large and small before slaughter. For example, when slaughtering cattle, sheep, and camels, two front legs and one rear leg must be tied with ropes. These edible livestock and poultry are placed in a posture with the head south, the tail north, and the face west. When slaughtering the animals, the name of Allah must be chanted first, and then the oesophagus, blood vessels, and trachea of the livestock and poultry must be cut off. After the blood is cleared, they can be peeled or plucked and cleaned up. It is prohibited to use boiling water to perm skin and hair. Hui people do not eat cattle, sheep, chickens and other livestock and poultry slaughtered by non-Muslims.
Hui people's anti-alcohol custom Due to the influence of the Koran, the Hui people strictly prohibit alcohol and have no alternative. Hui people do not drink alcohol, and they do not prepare wine utensils at home. Guests who come from home do not serve wine. Sometimes, in order to receive guests, when others toast and clink glasses during banquets, Hui people often use drinks such as water, orange juice, and high oranges instead. The Hui people believe that alcohol is a narcotic drink. Drinking is not only bad for health, but also in history and reality, there are countless people who delay national affairs, squander the family, lose their lives, violate laws and disciplines, commit evil deeds, and destroy their own reputation.
Therefore, the Hui people believe that drinking is disgraceful and inappropriate and must be strictly prohibited. Children are educated from an early age and are not allowed to drink alcohol. Nowadays, whether it is spirits, sweet wines, and beer of the Hui nationality, are banned. Some Hui people themselves are reluctant to have dinner together with drinkers. Although the Hui people do not hate alcohol as much as they do pigs, and some Hui people in the city now drink alcohol, they all go behind their parents 'back to drink it.
In addition, the Hui people do not smoke and believe that smoking, especially opium, is a crime. Therefore, in the past, very few Hui people smoked opium,"every person in a hundred miles". All men, women and old know its poison. Therefore, elders often provide persuasion, education and alarm bells to younger generations and women to husbands.
Hui people are forbidden to ask for lots, gamble, and worship idols. Hui people are forbidden to ask for lots, gamble, and worship idols. Since ancient times, men, women and old have not allowed fortune-tellers to tell their own fortunes, nor have they told others. Don't use bone physiques, don't believe in feng shui, secluded houses, don't seek immortal prescriptions, don't engage in exorcising ghosts and treating diseases, etc. The Hui people believe that all these things such as asking for fortune and telling are illegal and filthy behaviors.
The Hui people are prohibited from worshiping any idols. In villages where the Hui people live, they generally do not have human head sculptures. Statues of various figures and animals are prohibited at home. They are not willing to hang human head portraits on the walls, only landscape paintings are hung. Although some Hui people hang portraits of people or animals, they cover the eyes of the portraits with a piece of white paper during worship. Because the Hui people only believed in God and did not believe in all other gods, and did not worship all idols, they developed the habit of not putting idols at home.
The Hui people also strictly prohibit gambling, believing that gambling is not good for themselves, others and society. He believes that gambling is a "nuclear goal" and that the money earned is unearned and is ill-gotten gain. The Hui people also taboo usury and believe that usury is not allowed. In addition, the Hui people also prohibited using food to make jokes; women were prohibited from exposing their breasts and arms; Han people were prohibited from borrowing tableware from the Hui people's homes; the Hui people also prohibited men from wearing gold ornaments, excessive decoration, tattooing (tattoos, tattoos), and pulling out part of their eyebrows.
There are three major characteristics of Hui folk taboos. The first is national character. Although the Hui people are scattered and concentrated in various parts of the country, they basically ban pork, dog meat, donkey meat, mule meat, etc., ban the blood and self-dead objects of all animals, and ban alcohol consumption. Of course, nothing is absolute. With the development and changes of the times, there are also a very small number of Hui people in the city who live together with the Han people who drink alcohol, and some even eat pork. However, this national fasting custom is a main manifestation of the characteristics of the Hui people.
Second, stability. The Hui people started from their ancestors who believed in Islam in the Tang Dynasty and formed into a nation in the Yuan and Ming Dynasties. They have developed to this day. Although they have been influenced by the culture of the Han people and other ethnic groups, they have also been slandered, coerced and suppressed by the reactionary ruling classes of the past. However, the taboo customs of the Hui people have not changed, and have become an old rule passed down from generation to generation.
In particular, every time the Hui fasting custom encounters discrimination, slander or suppression, the Hui people always strongly resist and fight tenaciously to maintain this fasting custom. This seems to have become a tradition, reflecting the ethnic psychology of the Hui people, and fully demonstrating that the fasting customs of the Hui people are difficult to change by forced orders. Only with the development of economic construction and the improvement of scientific and technological levels can the Hui people gradually change some taboos and customs when they believe they need to be changed.
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Third, although the taboo customs of the Hui people originated from Islam, after long-term historical development, some have exceeded the original meaning of Islam and become a traditional habit of the nation. For example, the Koran only stipulates that Muslims should abstain from pork, but it has not stipulated that they should not use pig hair brushes or pig skin shoes. However, today's Hui people have developed a habit of feeling uncomfortable when they smell the smell of pork and hate pigs. Everything. This is just like some Han people in Beijing who have no appetite for snake meat and frog meat. It is a normal living phenomenon and habit. The taboos and customs of the Hui people cannot be simply regarded as religious beliefs, let alone feudal superstitions.
Fourth,, the taboo customs of the Hui people cannot be simply described as backward habits. The key depends on its social effect, whether it is harmful to health, and whether it is harmful or harmless to society. For example, the Hui people do not smoke, drink, gamble, and believe in divination. These are all manifestations of civilization and progress. They are beneficial to health, social morality and social order.
As for saying that not eating pork means being backward, this is even more wrong. The great proletarian revolutionary mentor Karl Marx, the Russian proletarian revolutionaries Sverdlov, Kaanovic, etc. did not eat pork, but they were all representatives of advanced ideas. There are many ethnic groups in the world who believe in Islam. They do not eat pork. It cannot be said that they are all backward. In short, we must view the taboo customs of the Hui people correctly, realistically and without any prejudice.