"Representative List of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity"(2009): Introduction to Projects in China

The "Representative List of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity" published by UNESCO in 2009 is a list of projects in China in no particular order)

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China seal cutting

China seal cutting is a unique engraving art with stone as the main material, carving knives as tools, and Chinese characters as representations.

It developed from ancient seal making techniques in China and has a history of more than 3000 years.

It not only emphasizes the writing style and structure of China calligraphy, but also highlights the free and smooth artistic expression in engraving.

It displays skills and expresses emotions in every inch of space, and is deeply loved by China literati and ordinary people.

Seal cutting works of art can not only be appreciated independently, but also widely used in painting and calligraphy works.

China's woodblock printing technology

Engraving printing is a special technique that uses knives to carve words or patterns on wooden boards, and then uses ink, paper, silk and other materials to print and bind them into books.

It has a history of more than 1300 years, 400 years earlier than movable type printing.

It pioneered human copying technology, carries immeasurable historical and cultural information, and plays an unparalleled and important role in the history of world cultural communication.

China calligraphy

China calligraphy is an artistic practice that uses pen, ink, paper, etc.

as the main tool materials.

Through Chinese character writing, it not only completes the practical function of information exchange, but also integrates people's thinking about nature, society, and life with unique modeling symbols and pen and ink rhythm, thus showing the unique way of thinking, personality spirit and temperament of China people.

China calligraphy has developed with the emergence and evolution of Chinese characters.

After more than 3000 years, it has become a representative symbol of China culture.

China paper-cutting

China paper-cutting is a folk art in which scissors or engraving knives are used to cut patterns on paper to decorate life or cooperate with other folk activities.

In China, paper-cutting has the broadest mass base.

It is integrated into the social life of people of all ethnic groups and is an important part of various folk activities.

Its inherited visual image and modeling format contain rich cultural and historical information, express the social understanding, moral concepts, practical experience, life ideals and aesthetic tastes of the general public, and has multiple social values such as cognition, enlightenment, ideography, lyricism, entertainment, and communication.

China's traditional wood structure construction skills

China's traditional wood structure construction technology is a building construction technology system that uses wood as the main building material, mortise and tenons as the main combination method of wood components, and uses modular system as the scale design, processing and production means.

Construction skills are passed down from generation to generation through words and deeds between masters and apprentices.

This construction technique system has lasted for more than 7000 years, spread throughout the entire territory of China, and spread to East Asian countries such as Japan and South Korea.

It is a representative of ancient Eastern architectural technology.

Nanjing Yunjin Weaving Skills

Nanjing brocade weaving skills continue the tradition of royal weaving in China and are the representative of the highest level of brocade weaving skills in China.

It applies core technologies such as "passing through and breaking weft" to large-scale looms with complex structures.

It is manually operated by two people and uses materials such as silk thread, gold thread and peacock feather thread to weave luxurious fabrics, such as dragon robes.

Nanjing Yunjin weaving skills have a complete system and are a witness to the extraordinary creativity of mankind.

Today, Nanjing Yun Brocade, named for its splendid rosy clouds, is still a classic of China's traditional weaving techniques.

It is used for weaving high-end fabrics and is loved by the public.

flowers

Hua 'er was born in the early years of the Ming Dynasty around 1368 AD.) It is a folk song that is spread in the three provinces of Gansu, Qinghai and Ningxia in northwest China.

Co-created and shared among the Han, Hui, Tibetan, Dongxiang, Baoan, Sala, Tu, Yugu, Mongolian and other ethnic groups.

It is named after the lyrics compare women to flowers.

It is sung in Chinese and is musically influenced by the traditional music of Qiang, Tibetan, Han, Turkish and Muslim nations.

Due to different musical characteristics, lyrics and spread areas, flowers are divided into three categories: "Hehuang flowers","Taomin flowers" and "Liupanshan flowers".

In addition to working in the fields, grazing in the mountains and improvising on the road, people also spontaneously hold a large-scale folk song singing competition event-"Hua 'er Festival" at specific times and places every year, which has multi-ethnic cultural exchanges.

The special value of blending emotions.

Dong chorus

Dong song is the general term for Dong folk multi-part folk songs without accompaniment and conductor.

Including sound songs, narrative songs, children's songs, stepping on the hall songs, and blocking the road songs.

"The low masses are the only high" is its traditional principle of voice combination, beauty and harmony are its distinctive artistic character, and singing by singers and singing in song classes are its national inheritance methods.

What it carries and conveys is a nation's lifestyle, social structure, human relations and customs, and the essence of wisdom and other crucial cultural information.

Gazus epic tradition

"Gesar" is a grand narrative about the sacred achievements of the ancient Tibetan hero Gesar.

The epic tells the heroic story of King Gesar who devoted himself to the lower realm to save living beings, led the people of Lingguo to subjugate the demons, suppress the strong and support the weak, resettle the Three Realms, complete the mission on earth, and finally returned to heaven.

Thanks to the rap of outstanding artists, the epic has been passed down for thousands of years, mainly in the vast pastoral areas and rural areas of the western plateau of China.

The epic comprehensively reflects the experience and knowledge of Tibetans and other related ethnic groups about natural things.

It has become a spiritual wealth shared by ordinary people of Tibetans and other ethnic groups.

It is still an important basis for the historical memory and cultural identity of Tibetans and other ethnic groups.

Longquan celadon traditional firing techniques

Longquan celadon traditional firing technique is a traditional handicraft with manufacturability, skills and artistry.

It has a history of more than 1700 years.

The traditional firing techniques of Longquan celadon include crushing, washing, aging and mud refining of raw materials; forming, drying, trimming, decoration, vegetarian firing, glazing, loading into boxes, and loading into the kiln; and finally burning with firewood in the Dragon Kiln.

Longquan celadon has unique skills in raw material selection, glaze preparation, modeling, and kiln temperature control.

Longquan celadon firing technology serves human life, and its finished products have unique aesthetic value.

Display porcelain, decorative porcelain, tea sets, tableware, etc.

are the perfect combination of firing technology and artistic expression.

The "powder green" and "plum green" thick glazed porcelain fired in Longquan Kiln is elegant, subtle, honest and tranquil, which is a manifestation of China's classical aesthetic taste.

Manas

The Kirgiz epic "Manas" has been sung for thousands of years and is one of the three major epics in China.

It sings in a variety of different languages and is large in length.

The most famous one is the pedigree legendary narrative of Manas and his descendants of eight generations of heroes.

It is 236,000 lines long, reflecting the rich traditional life of the Kirgiz people and is an "encyclopedia" of the Kirgiz people's outstanding creations and oral inheritance.

Traditional festivals and folk activities in relevant communities are its main cultural spaces.

Mazu belief

Mazu is the most influential nautical protector in China.

In 987 AD, Mazu of Meizhou Island in Putian City, Fujian Province, sacrificed her life to save a shipwreck.

She was worshipped in a temple by the people of the island and became the sea god.

With the development of the navigation industry and the expansion of Mazu's influence, successive courts granted Mazu the title of Celestial Consort, Empress of Heaven, and Virgin Mary in Heaven.

Mazu's belief in customs is a folk culture with worshipping and praising Mazu's spirit of morality, doing good, and great love as the core, with Mazu palaces and temples as the main venue for activities, and customs and temple fairs as the form of expression.

This belief has spread to more than 20 countries and regions around the world, is worshipped by more than 200 million people and passed down to this day.

Meizhou Island became the site of Mazu Temple.

humai

Humai is a magical singing art created by the Mongolian people: a singer uses his own vocal organs to sing two voice parts at the same time.

Among the folk songs of all ethnic groups in China, it is unique.

Humai is mainly distributed in Xilingol, Hulunbuir Grassland and Hohhot City in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.

Singing in this way can also be heard in Mongolian settlements in the Altai Mountains of Xinjiang Autonomous Region, Mongolia, the Republic of Tuva in Russia and other regions and countries.

As a special form of folk singing, Humai is an outstanding creation of the Mongolian people.

It conveys the Mongolian people's deep philosophical thinking and understanding of the natural universe and all things in the world, and expresses the Mongolian nation's concept of pursuing harmonious survival and development and its healthy and progressive aesthetic taste.

nanyin

Nanyin is a performing art that integrates singing and playing.

It is one of the oldest existing music types in China.

Nanyin is sung in Quanzhou dialect, mainly played with instruments such as pipa, Dongxiao, Erxian, Sanxian, and Clapan.

The music is written with five Chinese characters symbols of "Yi Gong Liu Si Yi".

There are more than 3000 existing ancient music scores, retaining different categories of music from the Jin Dynasty (265 - 420 AD) to the Qing Dynasty (1644 - 1911 AD).

The music style is elegant and delicate.

Its singing form, instrument shape, palace melody, music score and recording method are unique, providing rich historical information for the study of ancient China music.

Nanyin is a cultural heritage cherished by the general public in relevant communities.

regong art

Regong art mainly refers to Buddhist plastic arts such as Thangka, murals, pile embroidery, and sculpture.

It is an important artistic genre of Tibetan Buddhism.

Regong art, which originated in the 13th century, is mainly distributed in villages such as Wutun, Niandu, Guomari, and Gashari in the Longwu River Basin of Tongren County, Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai Province.

Its content is based on Buddhist native stories, historical figures and myths and legends.

Due to its strong religious color and distinctive regional characteristics, Regong art is loved by monks and lay people of all ethnic groups who believe in Tibetan Buddhism.

It carries the historical development of Regong culture and is an important part of the production and life of the general public in relevant communities.

Xi'an Drum Music

Xi'an drum music is a drum music popular in Xi'an and surrounding areas.

Band organization is divided into two categories: percussion instruments and melodic instruments, and the performance forms are divided into sitting music and walking music.

Today, the recording method of common characters during the Tang Dynasty (618 - 907 AD) and the Song Dynasty (960 - 1279 AD) is used.

The music has a huge structure and elegant style.

It is a typical representative of China's traditional instrumental music culture and has extremely high academic value for the study of ancient China music.

Tibetan opera

Tibetan opera is a Tibetan drama wearing masks and performing stories through songs and dances.

It was formed in the 14th century and spread on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

There are eight traditional Tibetan operas frequently performed, most of which are myths and legends in Buddhist scriptures about exhorting good and punishing evil.

Tibetan opera was originally circulated among the people, and was performed in squares or temples by artists orally and spiritually.

Later, professional troupes were established and stage performances emerged.

Both performance styles were recognized and loved by the Tibetan people.

Tibetan opera carries the blood of Tibetan culture, reflects the life, thoughts and feelings of the Tibetan people, and is an important part of their cultural life.

China traditional mulberry silk weaving skills

Silkworm silk weaving is a great invention of China and a cultural symbol recognized by the Chinese nation.

This heritage includes the production skills of the entire process of mulberry planting, sericulture, silk reeling, dyeing and silk weaving, the various ingenious tools and looms used during this process, as well as the colorful silk products such as silk silk, leno, brocade and kersi produced therefrom, as well as related folk activities derived from this process.

For more than 5000 years, it has made significant contributions to China's history and had a profound impact on human civilization through the Silk Road.

This traditional production craftsmanship and folk activities are still spread in the Taihu Lake Basin in northern Zhejiang and southern Jiangsu, including Hangzhou, Jiaxing, Huzhou and Suzhou, as well as Chengdu, Sichuan and other places.

It is an integral part of China's cultural heritage.

Traditional rice paper making skills

Papermaking was one of the four great inventions of ancient China.

Rice paper is an outstanding representative of traditional handmade paper.

It has the characteristics of soft and tough texture, and is not eaten or rotted.

Since the early 8th century in the Tang Dynasty, it has been the best carrier for calligraphy, painting and classic printing, and it still cannot be replaced by machine-made paper.

The traditional making technique of rice paper has 108 processes, which have strict requirements on water quality, raw material preparation, instrument making, and process mastery.

This skill has been passed down from generation to generation through mouth and heart, continuously improved, and combined with multiple cultural elements.

It has had a profound impact on the inheritance of Chinese national culture and plays an important role in promoting national identity and maintaining cultural diversity.

Dragon Boat Festival

The Dragon Boat Festival is a traditional festival in China.

It falls on the fifth day of the fifth month of the lunar calendar.

It has a history of more than 2500 years.

From the festival custom of dispelling poisons and avoiding evil, a variety of folk activities such as sacrifices, entertainment, and health care have been derived from various places.

The main activities include offering sacrifices to Qu Yuan, commemorating Wu Zixu, planting mugwort, hanging calamus, drinking realgar wine, eating rice dumplings, dragon boat races, removing five poisons, etc.

Various activities vary slightly due to regional differences, especially in Zigui County and Huangshi City in Hubei Province.

The Dragon Boat Festival is a traditional festival that contains unique national spirit and rich cultural connotations, and has a major impact on China's folk life.

China Korean farmers 'music and dance

China's Korean farmers 'music and dance is a folk performing art that integrates performance, singing and dancing, reflecting sacrifices, blessings, and celebrating harvests in traditional farming, production and life.

Dance is characterized by ecology, simplicity, rough and harmonious.

The sacrifice to the earth god before the dance expresses the original belief of respecting and relying on nature.

The dancers sang and danced to the beats of suona, dong xiao, and gongs and drums, expressing their beautiful wishes to pursue good fortune and happiness.

The scene was warm and unrestrained, with distinctive national characteristics.

Agricultural music and dance have been integrated into the blood of the Korean people in China and have become artistic treasures in social and cultural life, reflecting the diversity of world culture and human creativity.