Chadian traditional customs

Chad (Arabic: م م اد, French: Tchad), full name of the Republic of Chad, is a landlocked country in central Africa. It is bordered by Libya in the north, Sudan in the east, the Central African Republic in the south, Cameroon and Nigeria in the southwest, and Niger in the west. The country is named after Lake Chad. The highest peak in the country is the Kusi Mountain in the Sahara. The capital and largest city are N'Djamena. Chad is divided into three main geographical areas: the desert area in the north, which has a tropical desert climate; the arid Sahel region in the middle, which has a tropical savannah climate; and the more fertile Sudanese grassland area in the south, which has a tropical rainforest climate.

has been listed by the United Nations as one of the 47 least developed countries in the world. The people's living standards are relatively low, with more than 55% of the people living below the poverty line. The Chad Hydropower Association provides electricity to 15% of the capital's population, with national coverage of only 2%. Most Chadians use biofuels such as wood and animal manure to make fires. Chad's urban infrastructure is backward. Only 48% of the urban population has clean drinking water, and only 2% of the population has access to basic sanitation.

There are 256 ethnic groups in Chad. The residents in the north, center and east are mainly Berber, Wadai, Tubu, Bagirmi, etc. of Arab origin, accounting for about 45% of the country's population; the residents in the south and southwest are mainly Sala, Masa, Kotoko, Mengdang, etc., accounting for about 55% of the country's population. The official languages of Chad are French and Chadian Arabic. Residents in the south speak Sudanese Saran, and Chadianized Arabic is spoken in the north. 44% of Chad's residents believe in Islam, 33% believe in Christianity, and 23% believe in primitive religions.

Chad has diverse races and languages, and is quite rich in cultural heritage. The Chadian government has also actively promoted the country's culture and traditions and opened the National Museum of Chad and the Chadian Cultural Center. There are 6 public holidays in Chad throughout the year, and irregular holidays include Christian Easter, Islamic Rez Day, Eid Adha Day and Holy Faith Day.

Chadians have accepted many modern things. In international exchanges, they are also accustomed to shaking hands, calling male guests gentlemen and female friends wives, ladies and ladies. Foreign guests can also address Chadian government officials in the same way. The residents of Chad believe in different religions and abide by their respective religious rules.

Millet is a staple food for Chadian people. It is often made into dough and eaten with sauce. This food is called "alysh" in the north and "biya" in the south. Fish is also a popular food in the country and is often made as "salanga"(dried and smoked salmon carp) or "banda"(larger smoked fish). "Carcaje" is a sweet drink made from hibiscus leaves. Alcoholic drinks are popular in the south, with people drinking "billi-bili"(made from red millet) and "coshate"(made from white millet) millet beers.

Polygamy is very common in Chad, with approximately 39% of women living in this situation. Chadian law allows polygamy unless the spouse states at the time of marriage that he or she will not accept bigamy. Although violence against women is prohibited by law, domestic violence remains widespread. About 45% of Chadian women undergo female circumcision, although it is explicitly prohibited by law. Such rituals are more common among Arabs, Hadjarai and Wadai people (more than 90%), while Sara (38%) and Tubu (2%) participate in such rituals. Chadian women have fewer educational opportunities, making it difficult for them to find work. Although property and inheritance laws based on French law do not discriminate against women, regional leaders often tend to favor men in accordance with traditional practices when handling inheritance cases.

Chad's main tourist attractions include Lake Chad, Dekia Wildlife Refuge and Zakoma National Park, which covers an area of 300,000 hectares. Lake Chad is one of the four great lakes in Africa and a world-famous inland lake. It is praised as "a pearl shining on the southern edge of the Sahara Desert with thousands of yellow sand." Except for some waters that are slightly salty, most of the water in Lake Chad is clear, sweet and sweet fresh water. This cannot be said to be a wonderful phenomenon in nature. Swarms of tropical animals such as hippos, elephants, wild buffaloes, antelopes, giraffes, and ostrich can be seen on the lake. A variety of tropical grassland animals live in the Dekia Wildlife Reserve, and there are accommodation facilities such as camping huts for tourists to rest. In addition, there is also a special elephant reserve in Mandelia, 35 kilometers south of N'Djamena.