Top 10 must-see tourist attractions in Germany

Germany's tourism industry is very developed, and a large number of domestic and foreign tourists travel in Germany every year. Germany also has 38 world cultural and natural heritage sites, second only to Italy, China and Spain, and ranked fourth in the world with France. Among them, 36 are cultural heritage sites and only 2 are natural heritage sites. Its famous attractions include Cologne Cathedral, Hamburg City Hall, Holsten Gate, Marion Church, the ancient city of Goslar, Neuschwanstein Castle, Black Forest, Museum Island, Rhine River and so on. The following are the top ten must-see attractions in Germany that Xiaobian recommends for everyone.

Hanseatic Ancient City of Lübeck-Lübeck is located on the banks of the Travo River, 14 kilometers from the Baltic Sea and half an hour's drive from Hamburg. It is the center of the Hanseatic League and was once known as the "Hanseatic Queen". It is a gem of the 12th century and a city with more than 1000 historic buildings. In 1987, UNESCO declared it a "World Cultural Heritage Site" in recognition of its achievements in the restoration and protection of monuments, alongside the Great Wall of China and the Acropolis of Athens.

The oval old city is more than 1 kilometer long and surrounded by green water and has pleasant scenery. There are many red-tiled houses of wealthy medieval citizens in the city, including classical, Gothic, Baroque, and Rococo. The styles are different and beautiful. There are a very concentrated number of scenic spots and historic sites in the ancient city, and there are rare attractions everywhere. The five famous cathedrals in the city have a total of seven spires, so Lübeck is also known as the "Seven Spires City" and is famous in Germany.

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Important attractions: Holstentor: Built from 1464 to 1477, it is the symbol of Lübeck. It is the most famous gate in Germany in the late Middle Ages. It is magnificent and amazing.

Rathaus: Completed in 1230, it is one of the oldest and most beautiful city halls in Germany. It has dual Gothic and Rococo architectural styles and has a unique Hanseatic urban temperament. You can only visit it inside if you have someone to guide you. The guide fee is 2.6 euros. You can visit from Monday to Friday from 11 a.m., noon and 0 p.m., and make reservations by phone in advance.

Marienkirche: Completed between 1250 and 1350, it is the world's largest Gothic red brick church. It has the world's largest mechanical pipe organ. Its beautiful piano music has attracted people to come here to enjoy it.

Buddenbrookhaus: The former residence of the family of Thomas Mann, winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature, owned by it from 1841 to 1914. It is the stage setting for Mann's famous novel "The Buddenbrookhaus". Representative works include: "Death in Venice" and "Magic Mountain".

House of Günter Grasse: Displays the works and life stories of Günter Grasse, the Nobel Prize winner in Literature. He originally studied art and never gave up painting and carving, so his former residence is a literary museum of great aesthetic value. You can see the first printed version of the award-winning work "Tin Drum".

Local specialty: Marzipan-Produced since 1806, it has a family secret recipe. It is delicious and world-famous. Its specialty shop, Café Niederegger, is located opposite the City Hall.

The Reimersburg Mine and the Ancient City of Goserrar The Reimersburg Mine and the Ancient City of Goserrar were established in 922 AD and are located in Lower Saxony in central and northern Germany, 70 kilometers southeast of Hanover. In the Harz Mountains, 1 kilometer from Reimersburg. Ramiersburg-Goslar was historically the royal capital and a mining, administrative, and trade center.

Goslar was densely built in a defensive castle, with guard towers on both sides of the wall and green trees surrounding the city; on the city's market square, a fountain composed of bronze round bowls dates back to the imperial era; The narrow streets and tree-lined roads form a medieval layout. The overall layout of the city formed in the 15th and 16th centuries is intact to this day. Romanesque, Gothic, Renaissance and Baroque buildings form the city's artistic landscape. About 1500 original half-timbered houses built over the centuries are integrated into the entire city. A large number of industrial relics bear witness to Fort Reimers 'remarkable mining history.

The historic center of Fort Reimers houses the largest mining and smelting center in Central Europe, as well as deposits that have been developed far longer than in other regions. For centuries, it has played a very important economic role in Europe and is an outstanding representative of human creativity. The historical center best embodies a unique urban-industrial complex that combines important mining centers and administrative and trade functions in the Middle Ages, and is preserved intact.

Oberharz's hydrodynamic mining system, located south of the Reimersburg mine and the ancient city of Goslar, is mainly used to assist in the extraction of non-ferrous metals. It has a history of development and use for 800 years. The system was originally built by medieval Cister-Dictine monks and was developed on a large scale between the late 16th and 19th centuries. This is a complex but highly interconnected system, with components including artificial ponds, small channels, tunnels and underground drainage channels. It was built to use water power to help in mining and metallurgy. This is an important site that reflects the development and innovation of mining in the Western world.

Potsdamer Platz The original Potsdamer Platz had only one intersection. Later, Potsdam Railway Station was built here, which developed into one of the most prosperous areas and became synonymous with the vibrant urban life of the capital. During World War II, the square was severely damaged. Because it is located at the junction of the jurisdictions of the United States, Britain, France, and the Soviet Union, and has the Berlin Wall crossing the square, this once prosperous city center was reduced to an uninhabited quarantine area after the war.

After the fall of the Berlin Wall, Potsdamer Platz was the largest construction site in Europe. Between 1993 and 1998, the DaimlerChrysler area was built here, which houses office buildings, shops, restaurants, as well as the Stella Music Theater and a Casino. The 22-story Debis-Haus Building was designed by Reczo Peano Renzo Piano, and its huge and spacious main hall houses the mechanical sculpture "Meta-Maxi" by Jean Tinguely. Connected to it is a panoramic cinema and shopping center, Arkadan Arkaden, which houses a variety of shops and a wide variety of products.

In 2000, the Sony Center, located in Kemperplatz, officially opened, where Sony's European headquarters is located. The seven buildings are surrounded together, and the enclosed central area is spacious and bright, with a wrinkled canopy. The contemporary complex also includes a new film museum, two cinemas, a panoramic movie theater, restaurants and an exhibition called the "Music Box" where audiences can communicate with "exhibits."

The Krlhoff-Gebäude Building with a red brick exterior wall has the fastest elevator in Europe. Visitors can take this elevator upstairs and enjoy the city scenery.

Potsdamer Platz is located at Potsdamer Platz 10785 Berlin and is the most charming place in New Berlin. Its eye-catching building combines restaurants, shopping centers, theaters and cinemas, making it attractive not only to tourists but also to Berliners who visit it frequently. The former Potsdamer Platz has only become a small part of the current square.

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Hamburg City Hall The city hall started construction in 1886 and took 11 years to complete. It is a neo-Baroque style building built in the second half of the 19th century. The building is decorated with many commemorative and symbolic art. The entire building is made of sandstone. Except for the copper green roof, the appearance is smoky, simple and elegant.

The spire in the center of the Municipal Building is 112 meters high and is one of the most eye-catching buildings in Hamburg. The clock tower houses the gilded Imperial Eagle, a symbol of German unity. The City Hall is huge, with four floors and 647 rooms, more rooms than Buckingham Palace in the UK.

Walking into the City Hall, you can see two rows of thick stone pillars in the ground floor hall, with a total of 16 pillars. Four figures are embossed on each pillar, including well-known dramatist Lessing, musician Brahms and physicist Hertz.

The Municipal Banquet and Reception Hall is 46 meters long, 18 meters wide and 15 meters high. The portraits hanging inside describe the history of Hamburg. The "gold book" of the Hanseatic League is kept in the mayor's hall, and the bronze medal is engraved with the names of successive mayors of Hamburg from 1264 to 1912. Between the windows on the second floor stand statues of 20 famous German emperors.

There are also magnificent Grand Banquet Hall, Citizen Hall, Emperor Hall, Tower Hall, Orphan Hall and Phoenix Hall in the municipal building. Each hall is beautifully decorated and has its own characteristics, and is worth a visit. In addition, in the square outside the City Hall, there is a statue of Heine. Heine lived in Hamburg for several years and published his first poems here. In order to commemorate the poet, the Hamburg people specially erected a commemorative statue on the City Hall Square. And there are large shopping areas on both sides of City Hall.

TV Tower is located in Panoramastr. 1A 10178 Berlin Mitte), with a height of 368 meters, is the tallest building in Berlin and is very popular among tourists. Designed collectively by a creative team, it was built from 1965 to 1969 and is a member of the "World Tower Federation".

The tower body is a steel-frame cement structure and is 250 meters high. The round ball at the top of the tower body is a steel frame structure with seven floors in the round ball. It takes 40 seconds to take the elevator to reach the observation deck. There is an Antenna Cafe on the observation deck, which rotates every 30 minutes. Visitors can see the breathtaking scenery of the entire city and enjoy the charm of Berlin. Above the tower is a 118-meter-high TV antenna.

Gendarsplatz Gendarsplatz was opened and built by J. A Nering in 1688. It was originally called the Linden Tree Square and later called Friedrichsplatz or Neufplatz. From 1736 to 1782, the square was used by soldiers, hence the name "Royal Forest Square". After 1777, the square was designed and expanded in a unified manner by Georg Christian Unger. During World War II, the square was severely damaged. On the occasion of the celebration commemorating the 250th anniversary of the Academy of Sciences, the square was renamed "College Square". In 1991, the original name of "Royal Grove Square" was restored.

Main attraction: French cathedral

The French Cathedral was designed by Cayart from 1701 to 1705 and built for Huguenots who fled from France to Berlin. The rectangular central building has two semicircular buildings built on either side of its long side. From 1780 to 1785, during the reconstruction and expansion of the Kingsfield Square, the church was added with a striking tower top according to Gontard and Unger's design. The church was severely damaged during World War II and was rebuilt in 1977.

German Cathedral The famous German Cathedral was built by M. Designed by Grünberg and built by Giovanni Simonetti, it was originally called the New Church. During the reconstruction and expansion of the Gendars-Square from 1780 to 1785, Gontard designed it and added a dome. The church was also destroyed during World War II. On October 2, 1996, the renovated German cathedral was reopened to the public.

Concert Hall (Theater) The National Theater was built here by Karl Gotthard Langhans from 1800 to 1802 and was destroyed in a fire in 1817. The famous Prussian architect Schenkel built a new building on the ruins of the original site of the theater, integrating the remnants of the original building into the new building. The middle part of the building is tall and wide, with a prominent front, and is built with Ionian columns. After being destroyed during World War II, it was initially only protected, and systematic restoration work was not carried out until 1979. In 1984, the building was changed from a theater to a concert hall and reopened.

Brandenburger Tor is a neoclassical building in Berlin, the capital of Germany. It was built between 1788 and 1791 on the order of King Frederick Wilhelm II of Prussia to commemorate Prussia's victory in the Seven Years War. It is a symbol of Berlin and a national symbol of Germany. It has witnessed many important historical events in Berlin, Germany, Europe and even the world.

The Brandenburg Gate is 26 meters high, 65.5 meters wide and 11 meters deep. It is a neo-classical sandstone building based on the gate of the Acropolis. The designer is Prussian architect Langerhans. The Brandenburg Gate is supported by 12 Doric columns each 15 meters high and a bottom diameter of 1.75 meters. There are 6 on the east and west sides. It is carved according to the Ionian column, with a wall between the front and rear columns dividing the gate into five gates. The passage in the middle is slightly wider and was designed for the passage of members of the royal family. Until the abdication of Wilhelm II, the last emperor of the German Empire, in 1918, Only members of the royal family and guests invited by the king were allowed to enter and exit through the passage directly in the middle of the Brandenburg Gate.

The inside wall of the gate is embossed depicting Hercules, the greatest hero in Roman mythology, Mars, the god of war, and Minova, the goddess of wisdom, the patron saint of artists and craftsmen. At the highest point in the center of the door top is a copper sculpture of the Goddess of Victory (Nikko in Greek mythology, Victoria in Roman mythology) about 5 meters high. The goddess spread her wings behind her back and drove a four-horse, two-wheeled chariot facing the east side of Berlin. She held a scepter with a wreath of oak trees in her right hand. There was an Iron Cross in the wreath. A spreading eagle wearing the Prussian crown stood on the wreath. The sculpture symbolizes the victory of the war. The sculpture is the work of the Prussian sculptor Schadov.

The north and south wings connected to the Brandenburg Gate Gate were once used for guards and checkpoints. After the Berlin Wall was demolished, it was converted into an open column hall to conform to the style of the Brandenburg Gate. The solemnity and majesty of the Brandenburg Gate fully demonstrated the majesty of the capital of the Kingdom of Prussia in its heyday.

On the east side of the Brandenburg Gate is the end of Pariser Platz and Unter den Linden, and on the west side is the starting point of the Platz des 18.März and June-Street. Place de Paris is named in memory of the Prussian army's occupation of Paris in the War of Liberation in 1814.

Uther Linden Street runs eastward across the center of Berlin from the Brandenburg Gate and leads to the Museum Island Berlin and the Berlin TV Tower. It is one of the most gorgeous streets in Europe. March 18th Square on the west side is named in commemoration of the German March Revolution on March 18, 1848 and the first free election of the People's Assembly in the Democratic Republic of Germany on March 18, 1990.

June 17th Street commemorates the people's uprising that took place in the Democratic Republic of Germany on June 17, 1953. It starts from the Brandenburg Gate and flows west through the Victory Column in Berlin, passes through the Berlin Zoo and the Berlin Technical University. On the east side is the old city of Berlin, and on the west side it leads out of the city, so on the east side is inside the door and on the west side is outside the door.

Museum Island At the southernmost tip of Museum Island, next to the Palace Bridge and Berlin Cathedral is the old museum Altes Museum, with Luster Garden stretching in front of it. The northernmost point is the new museum Neues Museum and the old National Art Gallery Alte Nationalgalerie. Facing to the west is the Pergamonmuseum, and on the outermost is the Bodemuseum.

More than 70% of this group of museum buildings, built over a century of history, were destroyed during World War II. After World War II, the museum's collections were scattered in many places in East and West Berlin. It takes a long process to restore the museum and return most of the previous collections to their original location. In 1999, this group of museums was included in the World Heritage List.

Five museums: The old museum was built in 1830 and designed by Schenkel. The interior rotunda with a tall dome surrounds the museum's collection of ancient art sculptures in a charming atmosphere.

The new museum was built between 1843 and 1859 and was designed by F·A. Stüler. The new museum was built to share the pressure of the old museum's collection. It once exhibited an exhibition on the history of human development, and the entire building also echoed various stages of historical development according to the exhibition content. Bombing in World War II left the new museum in ruins, and the reconstruction was designed by architect David Chipperfield and is expected to be completed by 2007.

The National Art Gallery, now known as the Old National Art Gallery, was built between 1867 and 1876, also designed by Stüler and completed by Johann Heinrich Strack. Originally intended to build a "palace of scientists", it became a collection of German paintings from the 19th century. The outer layer of the building has tall, wide steps and a bronze statue of Friedrich Wilhelm IV on horseback. The entire building was rebuilt in the 1950s. It has been rebuilt again since 1997.

The Bode Museum, built in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, is a Baroque building. The building's powerful dome and magnificent entrance hall are like a large ship straddling the River Spree. William von Bode, the then Minister of museums, designed the interior exhibition halls one by one according to the styles of each era. The restoration of the museum will be completed in 2005. The painting collection in the museum can now be viewed in the Cultural Center's Famous Paintings Exhibition Hall. The youngest building on the island is the Pergamon Museum, completed in 1930, which houses the majestic altar of Zeus, Babylonian Ischtartor and the Romanesque Milet Gate.

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Neuschwann Castle was built in 1869 on a small peak among the peaks on the outskirts of Fuessen, a small town on the southern border of Bain. It was designed according to the dream of King Ludwig II of Bavaria and took 17 years to build it. The castle is filled with the atmosphere of the Middle Ages. Viewed from different angles, the castle shows an endless variety of faces. On Castle Hill, there is the Bridge of Mary across the valley. This bridge, named after Ludwig II's mother, is the best place to view the entire castle: you can view the castle from a postcard perspective.

Ludwig II was also a lover of art and was deeply influenced by Wagner's operas throughout his life. He imagined the legendary place where Snow White lived. He invited theater painters and stage installers, rather than architects, to draw architectural sketches and began building Neuschwanstein Castle inspired by Wagner's musical "The Swan Knight".

The castle is full of the ideas planned and designed by Louis II: extravagance and brilliance. It took 14 carpenters two years to complete his post-Goethe wood carving bed alone. There are many swan-themed decorations in the castle. For Louis II, swans symbolized purity, so the beautiful figure of swans can be seen from murals, door handles and bathtubs.

Like all royal castles, it is decorated grandly, collects many treasures, and its elegant walls are filled with exquisite paintings. Most of these works are religious themes, Bible stories, and portraits of successive castle owners, all of which are subtle in color and exquisite in writing. The most glorious is the Imperial Hall: on the huge ceiling, the blue sky is dotted with brilliant stars, symbolizing the infinite and boundless sky; and on the floor are various mosaics of plants and animals, symbolizing the vast earth; The murals on the wall depict scenes from the opera "Donhauser"; a huge golden crown hangs in the towering hall with 96 candles, which are said to symbolize the supreme imperial power. The hall was never opened in Ludwig's era and now holds concerts here every September.

Ludwig II conceived the blueprint of the castle in his mind, he had already integrated the castle and the natural landscape into one. With the dreamy atmosphere, countless swan pictures, and the lakes around the castle and the heavy lake water, Neuschwanstein Castle is like a fairyland on earth. It is worth mentioning that this fairy tale castle became the prototype of Disney's Fairy Travels Palace and Tchaikovsky's "Swan Lake".

Allusion: King Ludwig II of Bavaria loved all kinds of operas and stage plays since he was a child. He also wrote many plays that praised the victory of kindness. He was also an admirer of Varner, the famous stage play writer. It can be said that this king is not suitable for handling political affairs and is more suitable for engaging in artistic creation.

The king's love life was also full of tragedy. He spent his childhood with his young cousin, later Princess Sisi, Queen of Austria. When he began to have hazy feelings about love, his cousin married at the age of 15. Go to Austria. Her beautiful figure left a deep and indelible mark on the young prince. In one letter, the young prince called Princess Sisi the person who understood him best in the world.

Princess Sisi also worked very hard to find a suitable girl for her cousin. At the age of 22, he suddenly announced the dissolution of his marriage to Bavarian Princess Sophie two days before his wedding, and never married again. This nearly successful marriage brought great trauma to the king. Since then, he has been immersed in the fantasy of stage plays.

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Later, the king was deeply moved by Wagner's script and decided to build this white fairy tale castle to create a background for Varna's stage play, so that the moving stories of the brave knight and the beautiful princess could be staged there.

In 1869, on the site of the Swan Castle in southern Bavaria, he outlined his dream world-the Neuschwanstein Castle. Because the project was costly, the whole country unanimously opposed it. You can imagine the king's situation and his determination at the time.

Just before the castle was about to be completed, on June 12, 1886, the single and imaginative young king inspected the progress of the castle for the last time, but disappeared into the night on his way back to Munich. The bodies of the king and Dr. Gooden were found in the lake early the next morning, just five days after the Bavarian State Medical Council had declared Ludwig II to be mentally ill. The cause of death of Ludwig II remains an unsolved mystery to this day.

Tips: Neuschwanstein Castle restricts the flow of tourists. Pick up numbers and queue up at the foot of the mountain, and there are displays to prompt them. If the waiting time is still long, there is no need to rush up the mountain. There is a yellow castle at the foot of Neuschwanstein Castle. It was the Old Schwanstein Castle built by Ludwig II's father. You can visit there first.

Rhine River (English: Rhine, German: Rhein, French: Rhin, Dutch: Rijn, Sertic: Renos, Latin: Rhenus) is a famous international river in Europe. It originates in the Alps in Switzerland and flows through Germany into the North Sea. Along the way, Liechtenstein, Austria, France and the Netherlands all left its footprints. Since ancient times, the Rhine River has been the busiest water channel in Europe. The part of the Rhine River that flows through Germany is 865 kilometers long, and its drainage area accounts for 40% of Germany's total area. It is the cradle of Germany. The nearly 200-kilometer section from Cologne to Mainz is the most beautiful section of the Rhine River. The river here is winding and the water is crystal clear.

People sit on white yachts and look far into the distance. Green vineyards are arranged in an orderly manner on both sides of the strait. Small towns that are eye-catching with truss buildings and more than 50 castles and palace ruins are dotted among the green mountains and clear waters. Ancient legends take people's thoughts to the distant past from time to time, and people are deeply intoxicated by this colorful beautiful scenery of the Rhine River full of romance.

The Rhine River is very convenient for shipping and is one of the busiest rivers in the world. The main stream of the Rhine River has a total length of more than 1320 kilometers and a navigable range of nearly 900 kilometers, of which about 700 kilometers can travel 10,000 tons of seagoing ships. The Rhine River is also connected to other major rivers through a series of canals, forming a water transportation network extending in all directions.

There is a "rat tower" on the Rhine Island in the heart of the Rhine River outside Bingen. It is said to be a customs tower built by Roman Marshal Druvis in 8 BC. According to legend, in the 10th century AD, Hatto II, the bishop of Mainz, was stingy and cruel. He ignored the hunger and suffering of the people and hid a large amount of food in the tower. The people couldn't bear it anymore. Imprisoning him in the tower, the bishop eventually became a feast for swarms of mice.

As a result,"Rat Tower" became an alias for the Customs Tower and has been passed down to this day. Today, the "rat tower" serves as a signal tower on the Rhine River guiding the navigation of ships. Across the river from the tower is the city of Asmanshausen, which enjoys the reputation of "Red Wine Country". The Niederwald Monument stands high at the foot of Mount Niederlin. The monument is 35.5 meters high and was built to commemorate the German Empire in 1871.

Down the Rhine River, there is a narrow area with very dangerous terrain between St. Goa and St. Goashausen. On the right, there is a huge rock protruding straight into the sky. This is the "Lorelei Cliff". The cliff is 132 meters high and 90 meters wide. The steep rock wall stands like a beautiful girl's pavilion at the corner of the Rhine River. Whenever the river falls, people can still clearly see the dangerous "Seven Girls" reef. It is said that it was turned into a stone-hearted beauty.

Under the afterglow of the sunset, these strange reefs look like young girls dressing up, with a charming and charming posture. Since ancient times, there have been many reefs and swirls here, bringing disaster to countless boatmen. As a result, the moving legend of the boatman being deceived by the beauty and moving singing of the witch Lorelei and dying in the river. This is a symbol of the romantic color of the Rhine River. Whenever a cruise ship passes by here, the song of Lorelei will ring, and the wonderful singing brings people into a fairytale dream.

On the banks of the Rhine there is the historic city of Rüdesheim. This is an antique town famous for its medieval Dlossel alley. Today, this small town has become a must-see for tourists. The Alley de Rossel is less than 5 meters wide, with small black trussed buildings arranged on both sides. The floors protrude into the heart of the street, which is extremely dangerous and has a great architectural artistic beauty. Flowers are decorated upstairs and downstairs, and the shop is exquisite and elegant. The road surface of the alley is paved with stones. There are happy celebrations here every day. The ancient architectural art and the happy festive atmosphere all make tourists happy here.

Many important cities on both sides of the Rhine River, such as Mainz, Koblenz, Bonn, Neuss and Cologne, originally transformed from military bases into trading sites and then developed into modern cities. There are still more than fifty ruins of castles and palaces on both sides of the Rhine River, each castle having its own name. Every castle has an ancient story and legend, which records the heroes 'achievements and the faint love affair between their sons and daughters. Ancient castles and charming legends accompany the tourists throughout their journey in the Rhine.

In the upper reaches of the Rhine River, at the border between northern Switzerland and Germany, there is a 110-meter-wide Rhine River waterfall. Daredevil tourists can take a small boat and follow the waves straight to the bottom of the waterfall. In the middle reaches of the Rhine River, from Bingen to Bonn, Germany, the canyon is deep and winding, and the scenery is very magnificent. Many ancient legends about the Rhine River occur here.

Hydrological characteristics of the Rhine River-the water level is full all year round; the flow rate is slow (because the terrain is flat) and average; the flow rate is the flood season in spring and summer (due to the melting of snow in the Alpes Mountains), and the seasons change significantly, with the peak from June to July; Water temperature changes with temperature; there is no ice age in most river basins. Other characteristics: It is the longest navigable river in Europe.